docker 常用命令

docker 常用命令

Docker的安装

1. 安装

yum install docker

运行 docker 命令看看是否安装成功

2. 设为服务开机自启

systemctl enable docker

Docker的一些基本操作

1. 启动docker

service docker start

2. 查看docker版本

[root@localhost /]# docker version
Client:
 Version:         1.13.1
 API version:     1.26
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-209.git7d71120.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.10.3
 Git commit:      7d71120/1.13.1
 Built:           Wed Mar  2 15:25:43 2022
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:         1.13.1
 API version:     1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-209.git7d71120.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.10.3
 Git commit:      7d71120/1.13.1
 Built:           Wed Mar  2 15:25:43 2022
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64
 Experimental:    false

3. 查看docker信息

docker info

3. 查看命令帮助

直接输入docker命令来查看所有的选项和指令。

查看某一个命令的用法，以pull为例：

docker pull --help

4. 搜索镜像

docker search centos

5. 下载镜像

docker pull 镜像名：标签

如果不写标签，默认的标签是latest

6. 查看安装的镜像

[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/centos    latest              3fa822599e10        5 weeks ago         203.5 MB

7. 运行镜像

[root@localhost /]# docker run centos echo Hello World
Hello World

8. 查看容器

查看所有容器：

[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND              CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
ae64ccc830db        centos              "echo Hello World"   4 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                           agitated_thompson
2f40cd3cbc22        centos              "/bin/bash"          21 minutes ago      Exited (127) 10 minutes ago                        nauseous_ptolemy
a530488de531        centos              "echo hello world"   58 minutes ago      Exited (0) 58 minutes ago                          prickly_borg
791641bfa206        3fa822599e10        "/bin/bash"          About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago                       trusting_jepsen

查看最近生成的容器：

[root@localhost /]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND              CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
ae64ccc830db        centos              "echo Hello World"   3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 minutes ago                       agitated_thompson

查看正在运行的容器：

docker ps 

9. 运行并进入容器，退出容器

[root@localhost /]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
[root@6211cae80aee /]# 

退出

[root@6211cae80aee /]# exit
exit

10. 提交容器

REPOSITORY参数可以是新的镜像名字，也可以是旧的镜像名；如果和旧的镜像名和TAG都相同，会覆盖掉旧的镜像。

docker commit CONTAINERID [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

[root@localhost /]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
6211cae80aee        centos              "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (0) About a minute ago                       suspicious_ride
[root@localhost /]# docker commit 621 centos:latest
sha256:f6b57c4d3b0274caa581112ba09d3ae7302da3cde0f9a754f37e23bfd8eee2f4
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos              latest              f6b57c4d3b02        18 seconds ago      203.5 MB
docker.io/centos    latest              3fa822599e10        5 weeks ago         203.5 MB
[root@localhost /]# 

11. 停止正在运行的容器

docker stop CONTAINERID

12. 查看容器或镜像的详细信息

docker inspect CONTAINERID|IMAGE

13. 删除容器

docker rm CONTAINERID

查看所有容器ID：

docker ps -a -q     

删除所有的容器：

docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

[root@localhost /]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
6211cae80aee
ae64ccc830db
2f40cd3cbc22
a530488de531
791641bfa206
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a -q
[root@localhost /]# 

14. 删除镜像

docker rmi IMAGE

一次性删除所有镜像：

docker rmi $(docker images -q)

[root@localhost /]# docker rmi $(docker images -q)
Untagged: centos:latest
Deleted: sha256:f6b57c4d3b0274caa581112ba09d3ae7302da3cde0f9a754f37e23bfd8eee2f4
Deleted: sha256:67955ae1029a87fe46878ca33a6c465c5bc201b99cec1b2ec77667e67b576008
Untagged: docker.io/centos:latest
Untagged: docker.io/centos@sha256:3b1a65e9a05f0a77b5e8a698d3359459904c2a354dc3b25ae2e2f5c95f0b3667
Deleted: sha256:3fa822599e10c5f2080dcf647068c72022b111d31bbec0c5adb8a96e7eb5379b
Deleted: sha256:d1be66a59bc56bb90e92c3d4742ce73dcb5f62acc6e92de55039e21957ed5d23
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[root@localhost /]# 

15. 后台运行tomcat镜像并进行端口映射

-p为端口映射 80:8080 意为将tomcat的8080端口映射到宿主机的80端口，-d 为后台运行 守护进程

[root@localhost /]# docker run -p 80:8080 -d 3dcfe809147d
5f55eaa3be89046551cc2a99e334c3654ad1391de8faf41ab694211995a80bbe
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
5f55eaa3be89        3dcfe809147d        "catalina.sh run"   44 seconds ago      Up 43 seconds       0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp   lonely_hawking
[rroot@localhost /]#