javax.mail邮件服务
是Java 中用于处理电子邮件的一个包，它提供了发送、接收和读取电子邮件的功能。这个包通常被称为 JavaMail API，可以用来构建需要邮件功能的应用程序。以下是一些关于 javax.mail 的关键点：
- 功能: 支持多种邮件协议如 SMTP, POP3, IMAP 等。
- 依赖: 你需要在项目中引入 JavaMail 库才能使用这个包中的类。
- 主要类:
- ------Session: 创建邮件会话，配置邮件发送的基本属性。
- ------Message: 表示邮件内容的对象。
- ------Transport: 用于发送消息。
- ------Store: 用于连接邮件服务器并管理邮件存储。
如果你使用的是Maven，可以在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
<version>1.6.2</version>
</dependency>发送邮件
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.BodyPart;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
/**
* JavaMail工具类，用于在Java中发送邮件
*
* @author hudy
* @date 2024/9/14 13:41
*/
public class EmailSender {
/**
* 邮箱发送账号
*/
public static String USERNAME = "hello@gmail.com";
/**
* 邮箱平台的授权码
*/
public static String PASSWORD = "your password";
/**
* SMTP服务器地址
*/
public static String HOST = "smtp.gmail.com";
/**
* SMTP服务器端口
*/
public static String PORT = "587";
public static Session session = null;
/**
* 创建邮件会话
* <p>
* 本方法用于初始化一个邮件会话(session)，该会话配置了必要的属性以支持通过SMTP发送邮件 如果session已经初始化，则方法直接返回不做任何操作
*/
public static void createMailSession() {
if (session != null) {
return;
}
// 设置邮件会话属性
Properties props = new Properties();
// 启用SMTP身份验证
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
// 启用STARTTLS加密 587端口
props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
// 设置SMTP主机
props.put("mail.smtp.host", HOST);
// 设置SMTP端口
props.put("mail.smtp.port", PORT);
if ("465".equals(PORT)) {
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false");
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
}
// 创建邮件会话实例
session = Session.getInstance(props,
new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(USERNAME, PASSWORD);
}
});
}
/**
* 发送纯文本邮件
*
* @param title 邮件标题
* @param content 邮件内容
* @param toMail 收件人邮箱地址
*/
public static void postMessage(String title, String content, String toMail) {
try {
createMailSession();
//构造邮件主体
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setSubject(title);
message.setText(content);
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(USERNAME));
String[] recipients = toMail.split(",");
for (String recipient : recipients) {
message.addRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(recipient.trim()));
}
//发送
Transport.send(message);
} catch (MessagingException e) {
if (e.getMessage().contains("554 Reject by")) {
throw new RuntimeException("发信行为被反垃圾拦截，投递失败。");
}
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* 发送带附件的邮件
* <p>
* 此方法用于发送一封带有附件的邮件，它首先创建邮件会话，然后构造邮件主体和附件，并发送邮件
*
* @param title 邮件标题
* @param htmlContent 邮件内容，支持HTML格式
* @param filePath 附件文件路径
* @param toMail 收件人邮箱地址
*/
public static void postMessageWithFile(String title, String htmlContent, String filePath, String toMail) {
try {
// 创建邮件会话
createMailSession();
// 构造邮件主体
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setSubject(title);
// 设置邮件正文为HTML格式
BodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart();
textPart.setContent(htmlContent, "text/html;charset=utf-8");
// 设置邮件附件
BodyPart filePart = new MimeBodyPart();
DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filePath);
filePart.setFileName(new File(filePath).getName());
filePart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
// 将邮件正文和附件组合到多部分对象中
Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
multipart.addBodyPart(textPart);
multipart.addBodyPart(filePart);
message.setContent(multipart);
// 设置发件人和收件人
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(USERNAME));
String[] recipients = toMail.split(",");
for (String recipient : recipients) {
message.addRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(recipient.trim()));
}
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(message);
} catch (Exception e) {
// 如果有异常抛出，转换为运行时异常
if (e.getMessage().contains("554 Reject by")) {
throw new RuntimeException("发信行为被反垃圾拦截，投递失败。");
}
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}读取邮件
获取邮件列表，并读取每封邮件的内容。
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;
public class EmailReader {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String email = "your-email@example.com";
String password = "your-password";
String host = "imap.example.com";
readEmails(email, password, host);
}
public static void readEmails(String email, String password, String host) {
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.imap.host", host);
props.put("mail.imap.port", "993");
props.put("mail.imap.auth", "true");
props.put("mail.imap.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
props.put("mail.imap.socketFactory.fallback", "false");
props.put("mail.imap.socketFactory.port", "993");
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(email, password);
}
});
try {
// 连接到邮件服务器
Store store = session.getStore("imap");
store.connect(host, email, password);
// 打开 INBOX 文件夹
Folder folder = store.getFolder("INBOX");
folder.open(Folder.READ_ONLY);
// 获取邮件列表
Message[] messages = folder.getMessages();
// 遍历邮件
for (int i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
Message message = messages[i];
System.out.println("Message " + (i + 1) + ": " + message.getSubject());
System.out.println("From: " + message.getFrom()[0]);
System.out.println("Sent Date: " + message.getSentDate());
System.out.println("Content:");
// 获取邮件内容
Object content = message.getContent();
if (content instanceof Multipart) {
Multipart multipart = (Multipart) content;
for (int j = 0; j < multipart.getCount(); j++) {
BodyPart bodyPart = multipart.getBodyPart(j);
if (bodyPart.isMimeType("text/plain")) {
System.out.println("Text Content: " + bodyPart.getContent());
} else if (bodyPart.isMimeType("text/html")) {
System.out.println("HTML Content: " + bodyPart.getContent());
}
}
} else if (content instanceof String) {
System.out.println("Content: " + content);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------");
}
// 关闭文件夹
folder.close(false);
// 关闭连接
store.close();
System.out.println("Emails read successfully!");
} catch (NoSuchProviderException | MessagingException | IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}接收邮件
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;
public class EmailReceiver {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String email = "your-email@example.com";
String password = "your-password";
String host = "imap.example.com";
receiveEmails(email, password, host);
}
public static void receiveEmails(String email, String password, String host) {
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.imap.host", host);
props.put("mail.imap.port", "993");
props.put("mail.imap.auth", "true");
props.put("mail.imap.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
props.put("mail.imap.socketFactory.fallback", "false");
props.put("mail.imap.socketFactory.port", "993");
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(email, password);
}
});
try {
// 连接到邮件服务器
Store store = session.getStore("imap");
store.connect(host, email, password);
// 打开 INBOX 文件夹
Folder folder = store.getFolder("INBOX");
folder.open(Folder.READ_ONLY);
// 获取邮件列表
Message[] messages = folder.getMessages();
// 遍历邮件
for (int i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
Message message = messages[i];
System.out.println("Message " + (i + 1) + ": " + message.getSubject());
System.out.println("From: " + message.getFrom()[0]);
System.out.println("Sent Date: " + message.getSentDate());
System.out.println("Content: " + message.getContent());
// 打印邮件正文
Object content = message.getContent();
if (content instanceof Multipart) {
Multipart multipart = (Multipart) content;
for (int j = 0; j < multipart.getCount(); j++) {
BodyPart bodyPart = multipart.getBodyPart(j);
if (bodyPart.isMimeType("text/plain")) {
System.out.println("Text Content: " + bodyPart.getContent());
} else if (bodyPart.isMimeType("text/html")) {
System.out.println("HTML Content: " + bodyPart.getContent());
}
}
}
}
// 关闭文件夹
folder.close(false);
// 关闭连接
store.close();
System.out.println("Emails received successfully!");
} catch (NoSuchProviderException | MessagingException | IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}常见问题
发送邮件报554错误解决
- 联系收件人把发件人邮箱加入到白名单
- 文件附件包含危险脚本：如.exe可执行文件。替换为zip格式等
- 遵守反垃圾邮件政策: 邮箱提供商通常会有反垃圾邮件策略，为了避免被识别为垃圾邮件，发送邮件时要尽量遵守这些策略。例如，避免使用敏感词汇、不要发送大型附件、避免过于频繁的发送等。
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