1. 在hibernate.fcg.xml配置文件中开启二级缓存:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="connection.driver_class">
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
</property>
<property name="connection.url">
jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl
</property>
<property name="connection.username">oa</property>
<property name="connection.password">oa</property>
<property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>
<!-- SQL dialect -->
<property name="dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<!-- 开启二级缓存 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</property>
<!-- 设置二级缓存的实现类 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">
org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
</property>
<!-- Hibernate4以后都封装到org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">
org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory
</property>
<!-- 指定缓存配置文件位置 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">
ehcache.xml
</property>
<!--
启动查询缓存,如果想缓存使用findAll、list、iterator、createCriteria、createQuery等方法获得的数据结果集,必须配置此项
-->
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/huey/entity/mapping/Person.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
2. 导入二级缓存所需的jar包。以EHCache为例,需导入Hibernate项目路径下的lib\optional\ehcache中的jar包,同时EHCache还依赖于commons-logging和backport-util-concurrent这两个jar包。
3. 对于EHCache缓存,它还需要一个ehcache.xml配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ehcache>
<diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory="10000"
eternal="false"
overflowToDisk="true"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
diskPersistent="false"/>
</ehcache>
配置文件中属性的说明:
maxElementsInMemory:设置缓存中最多可放入多少个对象;
eternal:设置缓存是否永久有效;
overflowToDisk:设置当内存中缓存的记录达到maxElementsInMemory时是否被持久化到硬盘中,保存路径由<diskStore.../>元素指定。
timeToIdleSeconds:设置缓存的对象多少秒没有被使用就会被清理掉;
timeToLiveSeconds:设置缓存的对象在过期之前可以缓存多少秒;
diskPersistent:设置在虚拟机重启时是否进行磁盘存储。
4. 设置对哪些实体类、实体的哪些集合属性启用二级缓存。有两种方式:
1) 在持久化映射文件的<class .../>元素或<set.../>、<list .../>等集合元素内使用<cache .../>元素指定缓存策略。
2) 在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中使用<class-cache .../>或<collection-cache .../>元素对指定的持久化类、集合属性启用二级缓存。
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.huey.entity">
<class name="Person" table="tab_person">
<!-- 指定持久化类Person开启二级缓存,并指定缓存策略为只读策略 -->
<cache usage="read-only"/>
<id name="id" column="id">
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">PERSON_ID_SEQUENCE</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="name" column="name" />
<property name="gender" column="gender"/>
<property name="birthday" column="birthday"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
5. 测试用例:
package com.huey.test;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.huey.entity.Person;
public class PersonTest {
private static SessionFactory sf;
static {
Configuration configuration = new Configuration()
.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
ServiceRegistryBuilder srb = new ServiceRegistryBuilder()
.applySettings(configuration.getProperties());
sf = configuration.buildSessionFactory(srb.buildServiceRegistry());
}
@Test
public void testPerson() throws Exception {
Session session = sf.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
List<?> people = session.createQuery("from Person").list();
for (Object object : people) {
Person person = (Person)object;
System.out.println(person.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
Session session2 = sf.openSession();
session2.beginTransaction();
Person person = (Person)session2.get(Person.class, 1);
System.out.println(person.getName());
session2.getTransaction().commit();
session2.close();
}
}
可以发现,启用二级缓存后,即使session关闭之后,第二个查询仍不需发送SQL查询语句。