Python(2.7.x)文件操作的简单示例

读文件：

定义一个简单的文本处理函数：

def process(text):
	print "PROCESS:", text

按字节读取：

def process(text):
	print "PROCESS:", text

with open("tmp.txt") as f:
	while True:
		text = f.read(10)
		if not text:
			break
		process(text)

按行读取：

with open("tmp.txt") as f:
	while True:
		text = f.readline()
		if not text:
			break
		process(text)

读取所有内容，返回整个字符串文本：

with open("tmp.txt") as f:
	text = f.read()
	process(text)
	f.close()

读取所有内容，返回一个列表，列表的每个元素就是一行内容：

with open("tmp.txt") as f:
	for line in f.readlines():
		process(line)

fileinput懒惰行迭代：

当要读取的文件的非常大时，readlines会占有太多的内存，fileinput方法性能更好。

import fileinput

for line in fileinput.input("tmp.txt"):
	process(line)

文件迭代器（最佳实践）：

with open("tmp.txt") as f:
	for line in f:
		process(line)

写文件：

write：

try:
	with open("tmp.txt", "w") as f:
		while True:
			text = raw_input("Please Input: ")
			if not text:
				break
			f.write(text)
except EOFError, e:
	pass

writelines：

tmp_line = ["hello world", "hi python", "good bye"]
with open("tmp.txt", "w") as f:
	# writelines并不会自动写入换行符
	f.writelines(tmp_line)

读写综合（文件拷贝示例cp.py）：

from sys import argv
from sys import exit

if len(argv) != 3:
	exit(1)

try:
	with open(argv[1], "rb") as from_file, open(argv[2], "wb") as to_file:
		while True:
			tmp = from_file.read(1024)
			if not tmp:
				break
			to_file.write(tmp)
except IOError as err:
	print "File Error:", str(err)

序列化：

import cPickle as p

with open("tmp.dat", "w") as f:
	p.dump(["apple", "mango", "orange"], f)

with open("tmp.dat") as f:
	print p.load(f)

随机访问：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 

# seek(offset [, whence]) 把当前位置移动到由offset定义的位置。
# whence的值为0时（默认），表示相对位置是文件开头处；
# whence的值为1时，表示相对位置是当前位置；
# whence的值为2时，表示相对位置是文件结尾处。

# tell方法返回当前文件的位置。

with open("tmp.txt") as f:
	print f.read(10)
	print "pos:", f.tell()
	f.seek(0)
	print "pos:", f.tell()
	print f.read()
	print "pos:", f.tell()

os.path模块:

遍历目录：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
import sys
import os

def formate_filename(filename, deep = 0):
	tab = ''
	d = 0
	while d < deep:
		tab += '  '
		d += 1
	return tab + os.path.basename(filename)

def list_dir(dirname, deep = 0):

	if not os.path.exists(dirname):
		print dirname, 'is not existed'
		sys.exit(1)

	if os.path.isfile(dirname):
		print formate_filename(dirname, deep)

	if os.path.isdir(dirname):
		print formate_filename(dirname, deep) + ":"
		# 列出目录的所有文件和子目录
		filenames = os.listdir(dirname)
		for filename in filenames:
			list_dir(dirname + os.sep + filename, deep + 1)

if len(sys.argv) < 2:
	sys.exit(1)

del sys.argv[0]
for dirname in sys.argv:
	list_dir(dirname)
	print