Python有3种方式定义类方法, 常规方式, @classmethod修饰方式, @staticmethod修饰方式.
class A(object):
def go(self, x):
print("executing go(%s,%s)" % (self, x))
print('self:', self)
@classmethod
def class_go(cls, x):
print("executing class_go(%s,%s)" % (cls, x))
print('cls:', cls)
@staticmethod
def static_go(x):
print("executing static_go(%s)" % x)
a = A()
1.这里需要注意几点:@classmethod修饰的方法class_go()需要通过cls参数传递当前类对象。@staticmethod修饰的方法定义与普通函数是一样的。
self和cls的区别不是强制的,self通常用作实例方法的第一参数,cls通常用作类方法的第一参数。即通常用self来传递当前类对象的实例,cls传递当前类对象。
>>> print(a.foo)
<bound method A.go of <__main__.A object at 0x0000000005F568D0>>
>>> print(a.class_foo)
<bound method A.class_go of <class '__main__.A'>>
>>> print(a.static_foo)
<function A.static_go at 0x0000000005F10620>
2.调用方式
go可以通过实例a调用
>>> a.go(1)
executing foo(<__main__.A object at 0x0278B170>,1)
self: <__main__.A object at 0x0278B170>
go直接通过调用类对像A会导致参数错误
>>> A.go(1)
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-29-5f6aa096c2b2> in <module>()
----> 1 A.go(1)
TypeError: go() missing 1 required positional argument: 'x'
但go这种方式使用正常,显式的传递实例参数a。
>>> A.go(a, 1)
executing go(<__main__.A object at 0x0000000005F568D0>,1)
self: <__main__.A object at 0x0000000005F568D0>
#class_go通过类对象或对象实例调用。
>>> A.class_go(1)
executing class_go(<class '__main__.A'>,1)
cls: <class '__main__.A'>
>>> a.class_go(1)
executing class_go(<class '__main__.A'>,1)
cls: <class '__main__.A'>
#static_go通过类对象或对象实例调用。
>>> A.static_go(1)
executing static_go(1)
>>> a.static_go(1)
executing static_go(1)