Servlet生命周期

• init初始化，servlet启动之后，会首先调用init方法，但是init方法只调用一次。可以在web.xml文件中添加load-on-startup配置，完成启动服务创建servlet对象
• service方法，在访问servlet时，会执行service方法，完成业务处理
• destroy方法，访问结束，会调用destory方法，销毁所有servlet对象。

public class InitServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("初始化成功");//servlet初始化执行
    }
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("service方法被调用，完成业务处理");//在doget方法之前执行
        super.service(req,resp);
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy方法被调用，service对象被销毁");//停止tomcat执行
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取servlet上下文对象，作用范围是整个项目范围,
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println(servletContext.getContextPath());
        //在context中存储数据
        servletContext.setAttribute("context","共享数据");
        //获取初始化参数
        System.out.println("post方法被调用");
        ServletConfig servletConfig = this.getServletConfig();
        String username = servletConfig.getInitParameter("name");
        //获取所有的初始化参数
        Enumeration<String> initParameterNames = this.getInitParameterNames();
        while (initParameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = initParameterNames.nextElement();
            String value = servletConfig.getInitParameter(name);
            System.out.println(name+","+value);
        }
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter();
        printWriter.println("<h1>"+username+"</h1>");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doget方法被调用");
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>InitServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.tdu.servlet.InitServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--        配置servlet的初始化参数-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>name</param-name>
      <param-value>zhangsan</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>passward</param-name>
      <param-value>123456</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--        启动服务就创建servlet对象-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>InitServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/init</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>