访问者模式(visitor)属于行为模式,如果一个对象已经有了一定的功能了,如果这个时候再给它添加功能的时候,很容易违反了单一职责准则,这个时候问了去掉这种添加新功能带来的耦合,就可以使用访问者模式,该模式在这个对象的外部实现这个新的功能,这个对象只需要接收这个访问者,调用访问者相应的功能即可。
下面是访问者模式的C++实现,代码可到本人github网页下载:设计模式例子
/*
* Example of 'Visitor' design pattern.
* Copyright (C) 2016 Leo Wang
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class CConcreteElementA;
class CConcreteElementB;
class CVisitor
{
public:
virtual void visit(CConcreteElementA* cp_elementA)=0;
virtual void visit(CConcreteElementB* cp_elementB)=0;
};
class CElement
{
public:
virtual void accept(CVisitor* p_visitor)=0;
};
class CConcreteElementA:public CElement
{
public:
void accept(CVisitor* p_visitor)
{
p_visitor->visit(this);
}
};
class CConcreteElementB:public CElement
{
public:
void accept(CVisitor* p_visitor)
{
p_visitor->visit(this);
}
};
class CConcreteVisitor:public CVisitor
{
public:
void visit(CConcreteElementA* cp_elementA)
{
cout<<"Special func for elementA"<<endl;
};
void visit(CConcreteElementB* cp_elementB)
{
cout<<"Special func for elementB"<<endl;
};
};
int main()
{
vector<CElement*> vp_element;
CVisitor* cp_visitor=new CConcreteVisitor();
vp_element.push_back(new CConcreteElementA());
vp_element.push_back(new CConcreteElementB());
for(auto &e:vp_element)
e->accept(cp_visitor);
return 1;
};
在上述的例子中,可在visit函数下面定义的新功能,新功能的实现在原有对象Element的外面。