There are lots of great instructions out there for using Git so you may not be interested in another one. Mine is no doubt imperfect as well, but I didn't find a front-to-back tutorial for getting rolling with Git on your own centralized server. I ended up cobbling information together from a bunch of sources (which I will list below). Mostly for my own benefit, I'm posting what I learned here. Feel free to ignore or read on as you desire.. By the end of it we'll have installed Git on a server, created a repository on that server, and checked in code from our local machine.
Step 1: Install Git. You'll have to do this ON BOTH YOUR SERVER AND LOCAL MACHINE. If you're running a different OS for your client find and check out instructions for installing git on that OS instead. See this link for OS X if you don't have Mac Ports.
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade sudo apt-get install git-core
Step 2: Set up the server. We'll have to do some work on the server. We're going to use Gitosis which needs python and a python setup tool to get running. Grabbing the python setup tool in Debian/Ubuntu will grab all the requirements if you don't already have them:
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
Step 3: Gitosis. Now it's time to get Gitosis. For the most part I followed the instructions on scie.nti.st, so full credit and many thanks to them. Once you're done with my instructions, I recommend you go visit them and read more details on adding users and some other advanced topics.
From your home directory on your server, create a new directory called src, and from there grab the gitosis code.
mkdir ~/src cd ~/src git clone git://eagain.net/gitosis.git
Install it using the python setup tool we grabbed earlier.
cd gitosis sudo python setup.py install
Step 4: Setup some security. We're next going to add a new user called git. This is the guy that will do all the heavy lifting for us!
sudo adduser \ --system \ --shell /bin/sh \ --gecos 'git version control' \ --group \ --disabled-password \ --home /home/git \ git
IMPORTANT: If you have locked down ssh, don't forget to go into your /etc/ssh/ssh_config file and add git to the list of Allowed Users that can login. That list of users is separated by a space not a comma.
I always encourage the use of public/private key exchange and in the case of gitosis it looks to be required. Generate a key if you haven't already. See instructions for public/private key here. I'm going to assume that from this point on you can access your server from your local machine using a public key exchange!
Next, copy your id_rsa.pub file over to your server somewhere (in our example we're using /tmp) and then run this command:
sudo -H -u git gitosis-init < /tmp/id_rsa.pub
You'll see output like this:
Initialized empty Git repository in ./ Initialized empty Git repository in ./
Others have reported seeing that 3 times but when I did it on Ubuntu Hardy Heron I only saw it twice.
Step 5: Minor permissions tweak. Just in case, let's make sure permissions are set correctly:
sudo chmod 755 /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hooks/post-update
We're now done with the server config! From your local machine, test it out with this:
git clone git@YOUR_SERVER:gitosis-admin.git
If all went well you have a gitosis-admin directory with a gitosis.conf file and keydir directory. We're basically setup now. We just need to create a new repository and push it to the server.
Step 6: Configure gitosis for a new rails project. Use your favorite editor to create a new block under the gitosis one. It should look like this:
[group myrailsapp] members = vince@urbanpuddle writable = myrailsapp
A couple of things to watch out in the above block. First, make sure your name matches what's in your public key (that is, open your id_rsa.pub file and see that what the name says. Mine says vince@urbanpuddle so that's what I have above. Yours will be different.) Second, make sure you spell writable correctly!
Once you're done, commit and push the changes up to the server.
git commit -a -m "created a new repository!" git push
What we've basically done in this step is configured gitosis to accept a new repository. We then submitted that new configuration to the server using Git itself. Genius!
Step 7: Put your local code under version control. Now that the myrailsapp project is waiting for us on the server let's go put it under version control on our local machine.
cd myrailsapp git init
As you may have heard, most of the goodness with git is in a special hidden .git directory at the root of your project. That's pretty cool since it means removing your project from version control is as simple as erasing that directory. Way easier than subversion.. especially if something goes wrong..
If you're a Rails developer you may want to blacklist some things from being under version control. Open up a text editor and create a file called .gitignore in the root of your project directory. Fill it up with this goodness:
.DS_Store log/*.log tmp/**/* config/database.yml db/*.sqlite3
Thanks to Ryan Bates for the above. If you haven't checked out Railscasts 96 you should do that as well. There's good info on creating empty files in a few empty directories to make sure they're under version control.
Step 7.5: Designate the server as a remote repository. An interim step here is to remote add the files to the server we set up previously. Honestly I'm not sure what's going on here under the covers but it's necessary..
git remote add origin git@YOUR_SERVER:myrailsapp.git
Step 8: Add files and commit! Let's add everything to git, (note the trailing dot) and then push your initial commit to the server.
git add . git commit -a -m "initial import" git push origin master:refs/heads/master
Once that's done you're done! You can grab your code from any place that has public key access to your server using this command.
git clone git@YOUR_SERVER:myrailsapp.git
Again, please please go check out this post which was the inspiration for 90% of what you just read. They did a great job and go into more detail in some spots than I did. You'll also likely find questions and answers to any errors you encounter on the way there.
Also, as promised here are some resources:
Last thing, if you're on Debian or Ubuntu and follow the Peepcode, keep in mind you'll need to separately install gitk.
sudo apt-get install gitk
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17 comments:
I needed a fast way to install git server to make a local repository. The steps you describe worked fine for me, and that was pretty fast to install, thanks!
Thanx man!
Why the dist-upgrade? That's not a command you want to run normally unless you want to upgrade to the latest distribution. It can be a long process and sometimes it could fail.
Try just 'sudo apt-get upgrade'.
How can i add new users who are allowed to push and pull stuff from the repo? for now i am the only user who is allowed via ssh key.
Thanks for your instructions - but you should be aware that copy-paste users might use them as well. You performed apt-get dist-upgrade instead of apt-get upgrade - this will update to the latest distribution instead of the latest software for the actual distribution, users might end up in version or - when things go worse - in driver and kernel compatibility mess.
You should be cautious when posting such install paths..
@creo: what you said is not true at all. I think you're confused with a release-upgrade which will bump you to the next distro. Check out this link for clarification of what a dist-upgrade does. http://serverfault.com/questions/46748/can-someone-clarify-ubuntu-debian-dist-upgrade-for-me
Many thanks. Your procedure worked A-1.
step 6 is a bit confusing. Does it mean creating a file, and then where to save it? on the server or on the client?
@Anonymous: you edit the gitosis.conf file in the gitosis-admin repository to add new projects.
Hi mate, great tutorial, but i can't clone the gitosis.git. Is it possible to clone it through ssh?
Great tutorial! Thanks for the help!
how can i access the server from another machine?
Great Tutorial!
I think the command in step 5 to clone the git have to be:
git clone git@YOUR_SERVER:repositories/gitosis-admin.git
Hi guys I'm stuck in step 6 whenever I type
git commit -a -m "created a new repository!"
it returns
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
where exactly do I run this command from? (inside which directory)
For some reason on step 5, instead of asking for my passphrase, it is asking for git's password [ and since we configured git to not have a password ], that's pretty broken..
Any idea what I might have done wrong?
I would recommend using gitolite instead of gitosis since gitosis isn't supported anymore. Here is a guide on how to setup a git server on Linux Ubuntu
How to install and setup a Git Repository Server using Gitolite on Linux Ubuntu 10.04 & 11.04 [Development Environment]
Great tutorial! Thanks for the help! Thanks @Christian D. H +1
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