C++之封装

**类:一组具有相同属性和行为对象的集合
对象:一个类具体的实例**

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Students{
public:
    Students(){}
    Students(const Students&){}
    ~Students(){}
    void setName(string _name){
        m_strName = _name;
    }
    string getName(){
        return m_strName;
    }

    void setGender(string _gender){
        m_strGender = _gender;
    }
    string getGender(){
        return m_strGender;
    }
private:
    string m_strName;
    string m_strGender;
};

1)对象实例化

class Dog{
    public:
        void eat();
    private:
        int age;
};

从栈实例化对象 Dog dog;
从堆实例化对象 Dog *dog1=new Dog();注意释放内存,以及判断内存申请是否成功

2)对象成员访问
通过.或者->访问 dog.eat();dog1->eat();

3)数据的封装
面向对象编程的核心是对象能做什么。即调用功能函数,将数据成员的访问控制符设为private

4)类内定义与内联函数
类内定义在函数体在类的大括号中,为隐式内联 inline

5)类外定义
同文件类外定义(类的定义和函数体实现在同一个.CPP文件中)
分文件类外定义(一个头文件对应一个.CPP文件,建议用此种定义方法)

6)构造函数:对象进行初始化
内存分区:栈区、堆区、全局区、常量区、代码区
构造函数与类同名,没有返回值,
构造函数可以采用初始化列表,推荐采用此方式,初始化列表先于构造函数执行,
如果类中存在常量,必须采用初始化列表方式。

7)拷贝构造函数,后面也可以放初始化列表
Dog(const Dog&);

8)析构函数:释放申请的内存
~类名();
析构函数在对象销毁时自动调用,没有返回值,没有参数也不能重载

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使用C++代码封装的win32操作类, 与MFC相似,对于学习SDKC++是巨好的参考 Tutorials Menu of tutorials Tutorial 1: The Simplest Window Tutorial 2: Using Classes and Inheritance Tutorial 3: Using Messages to Create a Scribble Window Tutorial 4: Repainting the Window Tutorial 5: Wrapping a Frame around our Scribble Window Tutorial 6: Customising Window Creation Tutorial 7: Customising the Toolbar Tutorial 8: Loading and Saving Files Tutorial 9: Printing Tutorial 10: Finishing Touches Tutorial 1: The Simplest Window The following code uses Win32++ to create a window. This is all the code you need (in combination with Win32++) to create and display a simple window. Note that in order to add the Win32++ code to our program, we use an #include statement as shown below. #include "../Win32++/Wincore.h" INT WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPTSTR, int) { //Start Win32++ CWinApp MyApp; //Create a CWnd object CWnd MyWindow; //Create (and display) the window MyWindow.Create(); //Run the application return MyApp.Run(); } This program has four key steps: Start Win32++. We do this here by creating a CWinApp object called MyApp. Create a CWnd object called MyWindow. Create a default window by calling the Create function. Start the message loop, by calling the Run function. If you compile and run this program, you'll find that the application doesn't end when the window is closed. This is behaviour is normal. An illustration of how to use messages to control the windows behaviour (including closing the application) will be left until tutorial 3.

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