學會產生基本的UI後,接著就要學習UI的事件處理(UI Events),才能讓UI與使用者「互動」。
什麼是事件監聽器(Event Listener)
UI的使用者事件處理,即View如何處理使用者的操作,是一個重要的課題。View是重要的類別,它是與使用者互動的前線;在Android框架的設計中,以事件監聽器(event listener)的方式來處理UI的使用者事件。
Android框架提供了非常良好的UI事件處理機制。先前的教學提到,View是繪製UI的類別,每個View物件都可以向Android框架註冊一個事件監聽器。每個事件監聽器都包含一個回呼函數(callback method),
這個回呼函數(callback method)主要的工作就是回應或處理使用者的操作。
Event Listener: 以Click Listener為例
以「使用者觸碰(touch)」的動作來說,當View要處理使用者觸碰的事件時,就要向Android框架註冊View.OnClickListener事件監聽器;當「touch」事件發生時,Android框架便回呼事件監聽器裡的回呼函數。
View.OnClickListener是click listener,故名思意,這是UI的「Click動作監聽器」;當使用者對View進行Click操作時(即觸控畫面上的UI元件),Android 框架便會回呼這個View.OnClickListener的回呼函數。
View.OnClickListerner的回呼函數為OnClick()。
這裡所提到的監聽器泛指event listener,主要用來「監聽」使用者的各種動作。除了View.OnClickListener外,Android框架還有以下的event listener(及其callback method):
- View.OnLongClickListener: onLongClick()
- View.OnFocusChangeListener: onFocusChange()
- View.OnKeyListener: onKey()
- View.OnTouchListener: onTouch()
- View.OnCreateContextMenuListener: onCreateContextMenu()
另外一種處理UI事件的機制為事件處理器(event handler),event handler與event listener是不一樣的二種處理機制。在自訂Android component的教學裡,再介紹這個部份。
关键字: 消息机制 handler looper 线程间通信 message messagequeue
1.活用Android 线程间通信的Message机制
1.1.Message
代码在frameworks/base/core/java/ android /Os/Message.java中。
Message.obtain函数:有多个obtain函数,主要功能一样,只是参数不一样。作用是从Message Pool中取出一个Message,如果Message Pool中已经没有Message可取则新建一个Message返回,同时用对应的参数给得到的Message对象赋值。
Message Pool:大小为10个;通过Message.mPool->(Message并且Message.next)-> (Message并且Message.next)-> (Message并且Message.next)...构造一个Message Pool。Message Pool的第一个元素直接new出来,然后把Message.mPool(static类的static变量)指向它。其他的元素都是使用完的 Message通过Message的recycle函数清理后放到Message Pool(通过Message Pool最后一个Message的next指向需要回收的Message的方式实现)。下图为Message Pool的结构:
![](http://dl.javaeye.com/upload/attachment/163519/a4c7d7c3-15f5-34b0-a05d-cc23b34853c3.gif)
1.2.MessageQueue
MessageQueue里面有一个收到的Message的对列:
MessageQueue.mMessages(static变量)->( Message并且Message.next)-> ( Message并且Message.next)->...,下图为接收消息的消息队列:
![](http://dl.javaeye.com/upload/attachment/163525/bf0ecfc9-27d0-34e6-9536-20872ff0940c.gif)
上层代码通过 Handler 的sendMessage等函数放入一个message 到MessageQueue里面时最终会调用MessageQueue的 enqueueMessage函数。enqueueMessage根据上面的接收的Message的队列的构造把接收到的Message放入队列中。
MessageQueue的removeMessages函数根据上面的接收的Message的队列的构造把接收到的Message从队列中删除,并且调用对应Message对象的recycle函数把不用的Message放入Message Pool中。
1.3.Looper
Looper对象的创建是通过prepare函数,而且每一个Looper对象会和一个线程关联
- public static final void prepare() {
- if (sThreadLocal.get() != null ) {
- throw new RuntimeException( "Only one Looper may be created per thread" );
- }
- sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
- }
public static final void prepare() {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
}
Looper对象创建时会创建一个MessageQueue,主线程默认会创建一个Looper从而有MessageQueue,其他线程默认是 没有 MessageQueue的不能接收Message,如果需要接收Message则需要通过prepare函数创建一个MessageQueue。具体操 作请见示例代码。
- private Looper() {
- mQueue = new MessageQueue();
- mRun = true ;
- mThread = Thread.currentThread();
- }
private Looper() {
mQueue = new MessageQueue();
mRun = true;
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
prepareMainLooper函数只给主线程调用(系统处理,程序员不用处理),它会调用prepare建立Looper对象和MessageQueue。
- public static final void prepareMainLooper() {
- prepare();
- setMainLooper(myLooper());
- if (Process.supportsProcesses()) {
- myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed = false ;
- }
- }
public static final void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare();
setMainLooper(myLooper());
if (Process.supportsProcesses()) {
myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed = false;
}
}
Loop函数从MessageQueue中从前往后取出Message,然后通过 Handler 的dispatchMessage函数进行消息的处理(可见消息的处理是 Handler 负 责的),消息处理完了以后通过Message对象的recycle函数放到Message Pool中,以便下次使用,通过Pool的处理提供了一定的内存管理从而加速消息对象的获取。至于需要定时处理的消息如何做到定时处理,请见 MessageQueue的next函数,它在取Message来进行处理时通过判断MessageQueue里面的Message是否符合时间要求来决 定是否需要把Message取出来做处理,通过这种方式做到消息的定时处理。
- public static final void loop() {
- Looper me = myLooper();
- MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
- while ( true ) {
- Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
- //if (!me.mRun) {
- // break;
- //}
- if (msg != null ) {
- if (msg.target == null ) {
- // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message
- return ;
- }
- if (me.mLogging!= null )
- me.mLogging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
- msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
- if (me.mLogging!= null )
- me.mLogging.println("<<<<< Finished to" + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
- msg.recycle();
- }
- }
- }
public static final void loop() {
Looper me = myLooper();
MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
while (true) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
//if (!me.mRun) {
// break;
//}
if (msg != null) {
if (msg.target == null) {
// No target is a magic identifier for the quit message
return;
}
if (me.mLogging!= null)
me.mLogging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "+ msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (me.mLogging!= null)
me.mLogging.println("<<<<< Finished to" + msg.target + " "+ msg.callback);
msg.recycle();
}
}
}
1.4.Handler
Handler 的构造函数表示 Handler 会有成员变量指向Looper和MessageQueue,后面我们会看到没什么需要这些引用;至于callback是实现了Callback接口的对象,后面会看到这个对象的作用。
- public Handler (Looper looper, Callback callback) {
- mLooper = looper;
- mQueue = looper.mQueue;
- mCallback = callback;
- }
- public interface Callback {
- public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
- }
public Handler
(Looper looper, Callback callback) {
mLooper = looper;
mQueue = looper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
}
public interface Callback {
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}
获取消息:直接通过Message的obtain方法获取一个Message对象。
- public final Message obtainMessage( int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj){
- return Message.obtain( this , what, arg1, arg2, obj);
- }
public final Message obtainMessage(int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj){
return Message.obtain(this, what, arg1, arg2, obj);
}
发送消息:通过MessageQueue的enqueueMessage把Message对象放到MessageQueue的接收消息队列中
- public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis){
- boolean sent = false ;
- MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
- if (queue != null ) {
- msg.target = this ;
- sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
- } else {
- RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue" );
- Log.w("Looper" , e.getMessage(), e);
- }
- return sent;
- }
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis){
boolean sent = false;
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue != null) {
msg.target = this;
sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
} else {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
}
return sent;
}
线程如何处理MessageQueue中接收的消息:在Looper的loop函数中循环取出MessageQueue的接收消息队列中的消息, 然后调用 Hander的dispatchMessage函数对消息进行处理,至于如何处理(相应消息)则由用户指定(三个方法,优先级从高到低:Message里 面的Callback,一个实现了Runnable接口的对象,其中run函数做处理工作; Handler 里面的mCallback指向的一个实现了 Callback接口的对象,里面的handleMessage进行处理;处理消息 Handler 对象对应的类继承并实现了其中 handleMessage函数,通过这个实现的handleMessage函数处理消息)。
- public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
- if (msg.callback != null ) {
- handleCallback(msg);
- } else {
- if (mCallback != null ) {
- if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
- return ;
- }
- }
- handleMessage(msg);
- }
- }
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
Runnable说明:Runnable只是一个接口,实现了这个接口的类对应的对象也只是个普通的对象,并不是一个Java中的Thread。Thread类经常使用Runnable,很多人有误解,所以这里澄清一下。
从上可知以下关系图:
![](http://dl.javaeye.com/upload/attachment/163527/10a1511d-3c42-3901-9cf5-4638c042ff14.gif)
其中清理Message是Looper里面的loop函数指把处理过的Message放到Message的Pool里面去,如果里面已经超过最大值10个,则丢弃这个Message对象。
调用 Handler 是指Looper里面的loop函数从MessageQueue的接收消息队列里面取出消息,然后根据消息指向的 Handler 对象调用其对应的处理方法。
1.5.代码示例
下面我们会以 android 实例来展示对应的功能,程序界面于下:
![](http://dl.javaeye.com/upload/attachment/163529/9e4f71a7-9b16-36e9-ad28-bc94b12e2cbd.gif)
程序代码如下,后面部分有代码说明:
- package com.android .messageexample;
- import android .app.Activity;
- import android .content.Context;
- import android .graphics.Color;
- import android .os.Bundle;
- import android .os.Handler ;
- import android .os.Looper;
- import android .os.Message;
- import android .util.Log;
- import android .view.View;
- import android .view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android .widget.Button;
- import android .widget.LinearLayout;
- import android .widget.TextView;
- public class MessageExample extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
- private final int WC = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
- private final int FP = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT;
- public TextView tv;
- private EventHandler mHandler;
- private Handler mOtherThreadHandler= null ;
- private Button btn, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5, btn6;
- private NoLooperThread noLooerThread = null ;
- private OwnLooperThread ownLooperThread = null ;
- private ReceiveMessageThread receiveMessageThread = null ;
- private Context context = null ;
- private final String sTag = "MessageExample" ;
- private boolean postRunnable = false ;
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- context = this .getApplicationContext();
- LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout( this );
- layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
- btn = new Button( this );
- btn.setId(101 );
- btn.setText("message from main thread self" );
- btn.setOnClickListener(this );
- LinearLayout.LayoutParams param =
- new LinearLayout.LayoutParams( 250 , 50 );
- param.topMargin = 10 ;
- layout.addView(btn, param);
- btn2 = new Button( this );
- btn2.setId(102 );
- btn2.setText("message from other thread to main thread" );
- btn2.setOnClickListener(this );
- layout.addView(btn2, param);
- btn3 = new Button( this );
- btn3.setId(103 );
- btn3.setText("message to other thread from itself" );
- btn3.setOnClickListener(this );
- layout.addView(btn3, param);
- btn4 = new Button( this );
- btn4.setId(104 );
- btn4.setText("message with Runnable as callback from other thread to main thread" );
- btn4.setOnClickListener(this );
- layout.addView(btn4, param);
- btn5 = new Button( this );
- btn5.setId(105 );
- btn5.setText("main thread's message to other thread" );
- btn5.setOnClickListener(this );
- layout.addView(btn5, param);
- btn6 = new Button( this );
- btn6.setId(106 );
- btn6.setText("exit" );
- btn6.setOnClickListener(this );
- layout.addView(btn6, param);
- tv = new TextView( this );
- tv.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
- tv.setText("" );
- LinearLayout.LayoutParams param2 =
- new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(FP, WC);
- param2.topMargin = 10 ;
- layout.addView(tv, param2);
- setContentView(layout);
- //主线程要发送消息给other thread, 这里创建那个other thread
- receiveMessageThread = new ReceiveMessageThread();
- receiveMessageThread.start();
- }
- //implement the OnClickListener interface
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- switch (v.getId()){
- case 101 :
- //主线程发送消息给自己
- Looper looper;
- looper = Looper.myLooper(); //get the Main looper related with the main thread
- //如果不给任何参数的话会用当前线程对应的Looper(这里就是Main Looper)为Handler 里面的成员mLooper赋值
- mHandler = new EventHandler(looper);
- //mHandler = new EventHandler();
- // 清除整个MessageQueue里的消息
- mHandler.removeMessages(0 );
- String obj = "This main thread's message and received by itself!" ;
- //得到Message对象
- Message m = mHandler.obtainMessage(1 , 1 , 1 , obj);
- // 将Message对象送入到main thread的MessageQueue里面
- mHandler.sendMessage(m);
- break ;
- case 102 :
- //other线程发送消息给主线程
- postRunnable = false ;
- noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread();
- noLooerThread.start();
- break ;
- case 103 :
- //other thread获取它自己发送的消息
- tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message" );
- ownLooperThread = new OwnLooperThread();
- ownLooperThread.start();
- break ;
- case 104 :
- //other thread通过Post Runnable方式发送消息给主线程
- postRunnable = true ;
- noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread();
- noLooerThread.start();
- break ;
- case 105 :
- //主线程发送消息给other thread
- if ( null !=mOtherThreadHandler){
- tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message from main thread" );
- String msgObj = "message from mainThread" ;
- Message mainThreadMsg = mOtherThreadHandler.obtainMessage(1 , 1 , 1 , msgObj);
- mOtherThreadHandler.sendMessage(mainThreadMsg);
- }
- break ;
- case 106 :
- finish();
- break ;
- }
- }
- class EventHandler extends Handler
- {
- public EventHandler(Looper looper) {
- super (looper);
- }
- public EventHandler() {
- super ();
- }
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- //可以根据msg.what执行不同的处理,这里没有这么做
- switch (msg.what){
- case 1 :
- tv.setText((String)msg.obj);
- break ;
- case 2 :
- tv.setText((String)msg.obj);
- noLooerThread.stop();
- break ;
- case 3 :
- //不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息
- Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);
- ownLooperThread.stop();
- break ;
- default :
- //不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息
- Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);
- break ;
- }
- }
- }
- //NoLooperThread
- class NoLooperThread extends Thread{
- private EventHandler mNoLooperThreadHandler;
- public void run() {
- Looper myLooper, mainLooper;
- myLooper = Looper.myLooper();
- mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper(); //这是一个static函数
- String obj;
- if (myLooper == null ){
- mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper);
- obj = "NoLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!" ;
- }
- else {
- mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper);
- obj = "This is from NoLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!" ;
- }
- mNoLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0 );
- if ( false == postRunnable){
- //send message to main thread
- Message m = mNoLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(2 , 1 , 1 , obj);
- mNoLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m);
- Log.e(sTag, "NoLooperThread id:" + this .getId());
- }else {
- //下面new出来的实现了Runnable接口的对象中run函数是在Main Thread中执行,不是在NoLooperThread中执行
- //注意Runnable是一个接口,它里面的run函数被执行时不会再新建一个线程
- //您可以在run上加断点然后在eclipse调试中看它在哪个线程中执行
- mNoLooperThreadHandler.post(new Runnable(){
- @Override
- public void run() {
- tv.setText("update UI through handler post runnalbe mechanism!" );
- noLooerThread.stop();
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
- //OwnLooperThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare();
- class OwnLooperThread extends Thread{
- private EventHandler mOwnLooperThreadHandler;
- public void run() {
- Looper.prepare();
- Looper myLooper, mainLooper;
- myLooper = Looper.myLooper();
- mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper(); //这是一个static函数
- String obj;
- if (myLooper == null ){
- mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper);
- obj = "OwnLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!" ;
- }
- else {
- mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper);
- obj = "This is from OwnLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!" ;
- }
- mOwnLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0 );
- //给自己发送消息
- Message m = mOwnLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(3 , 1 , 1 , obj);
- mOwnLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m);
- Looper.loop();
- }
- }
- //ReceiveMessageThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare();
- class ReceiveMessageThread extends Thread{
- public void run() {
- Looper.prepare();
- mOtherThreadHandler = new Handler (){
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);
- }
- };
- Looper.loop();
- }
- }
- }
package com.android
.messageexample;
import android
.app.Activity;
import android
.content.Context;
import android
.graphics.Color;
import android
.os.Bundle;
import android
.os.Handler
;
import android
.os.Looper;
import android
.os.Message;
import android
.util.Log;
import android
.view.View;
import android
.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android
.widget.Button;
import android
.widget.LinearLayout;
import android
.widget.TextView;
public class MessageExample extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private final int WC = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
private final int FP = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT;
public TextView tv;
private EventHandler mHandler;
private Handler
mOtherThreadHandler=null;
private Button btn, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5, btn6;
private NoLooperThread noLooerThread = null;
private OwnLooperThread ownLooperThread = null;
private ReceiveMessageThread receiveMessageThread =null;
private Context context = null;
private final String sTag = "MessageExample";
private boolean postRunnable = false;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
context = this.getApplicationContext();
LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this);
layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
btn = new Button(this);
btn.setId(101);
btn.setText("message from main thread self");
btn.setOnClickListener(this);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams param =
new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(250,50);
param.topMargin = 10;
layout.addView(btn, param);
btn2 = new Button(this);
btn2.setId(102);
btn2.setText("message from other thread to main thread");
btn2.setOnClickListener(this);
layout.addView(btn2, param);
btn3 = new Button(this);
btn3.setId(103);
btn3.setText("message to other thread from itself");
btn3.setOnClickListener(this);
layout.addView(btn3, param);
btn4 = new Button(this);
btn4.setId(104);
btn4.setText("message with Runnable as callback from other thread to main thread");
btn4.setOnClickListener(this);
layout.addView(btn4, param);
btn5 = new Button(this);
btn5.setId(105);
btn5.setText("main thread's message to other thread");
btn5.setOnClickListener(this);
layout.addView(btn5, param);
btn6 = new Button(this);
btn6.setId(106);
btn6.setText("exit");
btn6.setOnClickListener(this);
layout.addView(btn6, param);
tv = new TextView(this);
tv.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
tv.setText("");
LinearLayout.LayoutParams param2 =
new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(FP, WC);
param2.topMargin = 10;
layout.addView(tv, param2);
setContentView(layout);
//主线程要发送消息给other thread, 这里创建那个other thread
receiveMessageThread = new ReceiveMessageThread();
receiveMessageThread.start();
}
//implement the OnClickListener interface
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch(v.getId()){
case 101:
//主线程发送消息给自己
Looper looper;
looper = Looper.myLooper(); //get the Main looper related with the main thread
//如果不给任何参数的话会用当前线程对应的Looper(这里就是Main Looper)为Handler
里面的成员mLooper赋值
mHandler = new EventHandler(looper);
//mHandler = new EventHandler();
// 清除整个MessageQueue里的消息
mHandler.removeMessages(0);
String obj = "This main thread's message and received by itself!";
//得到Message对象
Message m = mHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, obj);
// 将Message对象送入到main thread的MessageQueue里面
mHandler.sendMessage(m);
break;
case 102:
//other线程发送消息给主线程
postRunnable = false;
noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread();
noLooerThread.start();
break;
case 103:
//other thread获取它自己发送的消息
tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message");
ownLooperThread = new OwnLooperThread();
ownLooperThread.start();
break;
case 104:
//other thread通过Post Runnable方式发送消息给主线程
postRunnable = true;
noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread();
noLooerThread.start();
break;
case 105:
//主线程发送消息给other thread
if(null!=mOtherThreadHandler){
tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message from main thread");
String msgObj = "message from mainThread";
Message mainThreadMsg = mOtherThreadHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, msgObj);
mOtherThreadHandler.sendMessage(mainThreadMsg);
}
break;
case 106:
finish();
break;
}
}
class EventHandler extends Handler
{
public EventHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
public EventHandler() {
super();
}
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
//可以根据msg.what执行不同的处理,这里没有这么做
switch(msg.what){
case 1:
tv.setText((String)msg.obj);
break;
case 2:
tv.setText((String)msg.obj);
noLooerThread.stop();
break;
case 3:
//不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息
Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);
ownLooperThread.stop();
break;
default:
//不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息
Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);
break;
}
}
}
//NoLooperThread
class NoLooperThread extends Thread{
private EventHandler mNoLooperThreadHandler;
public void run() {
Looper myLooper, mainLooper;
myLooper = Looper.myLooper();
mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper(); //这是一个static函数
String obj;
if(myLooper == null){
mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper);
obj = "NoLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!";
}
else {
mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper);
obj = "This is from NoLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!";
}
mNoLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0);
if(false == postRunnable){
//send message to main thread
Message m = mNoLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(2, 1, 1, obj);
mNoLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m);
Log.e(sTag, "NoLooperThread id:" + this.getId());
}else{
//下面new出来的实现了Runnable接口的对象中run函数是在Main Thread中执行,不是在NoLooperThread中执行
//注意Runnable是一个接口,它里面的run函数被执行时不会再新建一个线程
//您可以在run上加断点然后在eclipse调试中看它在哪个线程中执行
mNoLooperThreadHandler.post(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
tv.setText("update UI through handler
post runnalbe mechanism!");
noLooerThread.stop();
}
});
}
}
}
//OwnLooperThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare();
class OwnLooperThread extends Thread{
private EventHandler mOwnLooperThreadHandler;
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
Looper myLooper, mainLooper;
myLooper = Looper.myLooper();
mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper(); //这是一个static函数
String obj;
if(myLooper == null){
mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper);
obj = "OwnLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!";
}
else {
mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper);
obj = "This is from OwnLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!";
}
mOwnLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0);
//给自己发送消息
Message m = mOwnLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(3, 1, 1, obj);
mOwnLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m);
Looper.loop();
}
}
//ReceiveMessageThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare();
class ReceiveMessageThread extends Thread{
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
mOtherThreadHandler = new Handler
(){
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);
}
};
Looper.loop();
}
}
}
说明(代码详细解释请见后文):
使用Looper.myLooper静态方法可以取得当前线程的Looper对象。
使用mHandler = new EevntHandler(Looper.myLooper()); 可建立用来处理当前线程的 Handler 对象;其中,EevntHandler是 Handler 的子类。
使用mHandler = new EevntHandler(Looper.getMainLooper()); 可建立用来处理main线程的 Handler 对象;其中,EevntHandler是 Handler 的子类。
1.5.1.主线程给自己发送消息示例
主线程发送消息:
在onClick的case 101中创建一个继承自 Handler 的 EventHandler对象,然后获取一个消息,然后通过EventHandler对象调用 sendMessage把消息发送到主线程的MessageQueue中。主线程由系统创建,系统会给它建立一个Looper对象和 MessageQueue,所以可以接收消息。这里只要根据主线程的Looper对象初始化EventHandler对象,就可以通过 EventHandler对象发送消息到主线程的消息队列中。
主线程处理消息:
这里是通过EventHandler的handleMessage函数处理的,其中收到的Message对象中what值为一的消息就是发送给它的,然后把消息里面附带的字符串在TextView上显示出来。
1.5.2.其他线程给主线程发送消息示例
其他线程发送消息(这里是说不使用Runnable作为callback的消息):
首先 postRunnable设为false,表示不通过Runnable方式进行消息相关的操作。然后启动线程noLooerThread,然后以主线程的 Looper对象为参数建立EventHandler的对象mNoLooperThreadHandler,然后获取一个Message并把一个字符串赋 值给它的一个成员obj,然后通过mNoLooperThreadHandler把消息发送到主线程的MessageQueue中。
主线程处理消息:
这里是通过EventHandler的handleMessage函数处理的,其中收到的Message对象中what值为二的消息就是上面发送给它的,然后把消息里面附带的字符串在TextView上显示出来。
1.5.3.其他线程给自己发送消息示例
其他线程发送消息:
其他非主线程建立后没有自己的Looper对象,所以也没有MessageQueue,需要给非主线程发送消息时需要建立 MessageQueue以便接收消息。下面说明如何给自己建立MessageQueue和Looper对象。从OwnLooperThread的run 函数中可以看见有一个 Looper.prepare()调用,这个就是用来建立非主线程的MessageQueue和Looper对象的。
所以这里的发送消息过程是建立线程mOwnLooperThread,然后线程建立自己的Looper和MessageQueue对象,然后根据 上面建立的Looper对象建立对应的EventHandler对象mOwnLooperThreadHandler,然后由 mOwnLooperThreadHandler建立消息并且发送到自己的MessageQueue里面。
其他线程处理接收的消息:
线程要接收消息需要在run函数中调用Looper.loop(),然后loop函数会从MessageQueue中取出消息交给对应的 Handler 对 象 mOwnLooperThreadHandler处理,在mOwnLooperThreadHandler的handleMessage函数中会把 Message对象中what值为三的消息(上面发送的消息)在Log中打印出来,可以通过Logcat工具查看log。
1.5.4.其他线程以Runnable为消息参数给主线程发送消息示例
其他线程发送消息(这里是说使用Runnable作为callback的消息):
首先 postRunnable设为true,表示通过Runnable方式进行消息相关的操作。然后启动线程noLooerThread,然后以主线程的 Looper对象为参数建立EventHandler的对象mNoLooperThreadHandler,然后获取一个Message并把一个字符串赋 值给它的一个成员obj,然后通过mNoLooperThreadHandler把消息发送到主线程的MessageQueue中。
主线程处理消息:
主线程收到上面发送的Message后直接运行上面Runnable对象中的run函数进行相应的操作。run函数通过Log打印一个字符串,可以通过Logcat工具查看log。
1.5.5.主线程给其他线程发送消息示例
主线程发送消息:
这里首先要求线程receiveMessageThread运行(在onCreate函数中完成),并且准备好自己的Looper和 MessageQueue(这个通过ReceiveMessageThread中的run函数中的Looper.prepare()调用完成),然后根据 建立的Looper对象初始化 Handler 对象mOtherThreadHandler。然后在onClick的case 105中由mOtherThreadHandler建立一个消息(消息中有一个字符串对象)并且发送到线程receiveMessageThread中的 MessageQueue中。
其他线程处理接收的消息:
线程要接收消息需要在run函数中调用Looper.loop(),然后loop函数会从MessageQueue中取出消息交给对应的 Handler 对象mOtherThreadHandler处理,在mOtherThreadHandler的handleMessage函数中会把Message对象中的字符串对象在Log中打印出来,可以通过Logcat工具查看log。