"这个Pattern用在Compiler的 Language Parser最合适。他可以反覆递归,最终分析好一个语言。语法就象下面一样
算术表达式 = 算术表达式 +/-?*// 数字
然后构造一个算术表达式类和数字类,在算术表达式类中递归引用自己和数字类。最终能够解开任何的语言。在Gang Of Four的网页上是通过LinkedList来处理这个例子。 LinkedList就是先准备好一堆Class,一个一个拿过来用在Context上。比较死板,只能处理很少的情况。在Compiler中最常用的是 递归。反复递归就是有一万层括号也能解开,但是用LinkedList就会受限制了。
Example:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
namespace ConsoleTest
{
class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
string roman = "五十七万六千四百五十二"; //==>576452
Context context = new Context(roman);
ArrayList tree = new ArrayList();
tree.Add(new GeExpression());
tree.Add(new ShiExpression());
tree.Add(new BaiExpression());
tree.Add(new QianExpression());
tree.Add(new WanExpression());
foreach (Expression exp in tree)
{
exp.Interpret(context);
}
Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}",roman, context.Data);
Console.Read();
}
}
public abstract class Expression
{
protected Dictionary<string, int> table = new Dictionary<string, int>(9);
public Expression()
{
table.Add("一", 1);
table.Add("二", 2);
table.Add("三", 3);
table.Add("四", 4);
table.Add("五", 5);
table.Add("六", 6);
table.Add("七", 7);
table.Add("八", 8);
table.Add("九", 9);
}
public virtual void Interpret(Context context)
{
if (context.Statement.Length == 0)
{
return;
}
foreach (string key in table.Keys)
{
int value = table[key];
if (context.Statement.EndsWith(key + this.GetPostfix()))
{
context.Data += value * this.Multiplier();
context.Statement = context.Statement.Substring(0, context.Statement.Length - this.GetLength());
}
if (context.Statement.EndsWith("零"))
{
context.Statement = context.Statement.Substring(0, context.Statement.Length - 1);
}
}
}
public abstract string GetPostfix();
public abstract int Multiplier();
public virtual int GetLength()
{
return this.GetPostfix().Length + 1;
}
}
//变化部分:
public class GeExpression : Expression
{
public override string GetPostfix()
{
return "";
}
public override int Multiplier()
{
return 1;
}
}
public class ShiExpression : Expression
{
public override string GetPostfix()
{
return "十";
}
public override int Multiplier()
{
return 10;
}
}
public class BaiExpression : Expression
{
public override string GetPostfix()
{
return "百";
}
public override int Multiplier()
{
return 100;
}
}
public class QianExpression : Expression
{
public override string GetPostfix()
{
return "千";
}
public override int Multiplier()
{
return 1000;
}
}
public class WanExpression : Expression
{
public override string GetPostfix()
{
return "万";
}
public override int Multiplier()
{
return 10000;
}
//不能解释"万万"的情况
public override void Interpret(Context context)
{
if (context.Statement.Length == 0)
return;
ArrayList tree = new ArrayList();
tree.Add(new GeExpression());
tree.Add(new ShiExpression());
tree.Add(new BaiExpression());
tree.Add(new QianExpression());
if (context.Statement.EndsWith(this.GetPostfix()))
{
int temp = context.Data;
context.Data = 0;
context.Statement = context.Statement.Substring(0, context.Statement.Length - 1);
foreach (Expression exp in tree)
{
exp.Interpret(context);
}
context.Data = temp + this.Multiplier() * context.Data;
}
}
}
public class Context
{
private string statement;
private int data;
public Context(string statement)
{
this.statement = statement;
}
public string Statement
{
get { return statement; }
set { statement = value; }
}
public int Data
{
get { return data; }
set { data = value; }
}
}
}