22. break 跳出循环

select 与 for 结合使用时，break 语句无法跳出循环

func TestBreakInSelectAndFor(t *testing.T) {
	quitChan := make(chan bool)
	runForever := make(chan bool)

	go test(quitChan)

	// after 10 second, close quit chan
	<-time.After(time.Duration(10) * time.Second)
	close(quitChan)

	<-runForever
}

func test(quitChan chan bool)  {
	var (
		interValTime = 4
		sleepTime = 1
	)

	for {
		select {
		case <-time.After(time.Duration(interValTime) * time.Second):
			log.Printf("select struct: get time chan every %v second interval\n", interValTime)
		case <-quitChan:
			log.Println("select struct: get quit signal, now prepare to jump out of the loop")
			break
		}
		log.Printf("for struct: sleep %v second before start next loop\n", sleepTime)
		time.Sleep(time.Duration(sleepTime) * time.Second)
	}

	log.Println("have jump out of the loop")
}

2019/02/28 18:35:03 select struct: get time chan every 4 second interval
2019/02/28 18:35:03 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
2019/02/28 18:35:08 select struct: get time chan every 4 second interval
2019/02/28 18:35:08 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
2019/02/28 18:35:09 select struct: get quit signal, now prepare to jump out of the loop
2019/02/28 18:35:09 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
2019/02/28 18:35:10 select struct: get quit signal, now prepare to jump out of the loop
2019/02/28 18:35:10 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
...

从执行的结果可以看出，select 中的 break 并没有跳出循环。其实只是跳出了 select struct。

---

跳出循环的几种方式

break label

func test(quitChan chan bool)  {
	var (
		interValTime = 4
		sleepTime = 1
	)

	forEnd:
	for {
		select {
		case <-time.After(time.Duration(interValTime) * time.Second):
			log.Printf("select struct: get time chan every %v second interval\n", interValTime)
		case <-quitChan:
			log.Println("select struct: get quit signal, now prepare to jump out of the loop")
			break forEnd
		}
		log.Printf("for struct: sleep %v second before start next loop\n", sleepTime)
		time.Sleep(time.Duration(sleepTime) * time.Second)
	}

	log.Println("have jump out of the loop")
}

2019/02/28 18:42:24 select struct: get time chan every 4 second interval
2019/02/28 18:42:24 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
2019/02/28 18:42:29 select struct: get time chan every 4 second interval
2019/02/28 18:42:29 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
2019/02/28 18:42:30 select struct: get quit signal, now prepare to jump out of the loop
2019/02/28 18:42:30 have jump out of the loop

break 语句可以结束 for、switch 和 select 的代码块。break 语句还可以在语句后面添加标签，表示退出某个标签对应的代码块，标签要求必须定义在对应的 for、switch 和 select 的代码块上。

---

goto label

func test(quitChan chan bool)  {
	var (
		interValTime = 4
		sleepTime = 1
	)

	for {
		select {
		case <-time.After(time.Duration(interValTime) * time.Second):
			log.Printf("select struct: get time chan every %v second interval\n", interValTime)
		case <-quitChan:
			log.Println("select struct: get quit signal, now prepare to jump out of the loop")
			goto forEnd
		}
		log.Printf("for struct: sleep %v second before start next loop\n", sleepTime)
		time.Sleep(time.Duration(sleepTime) * time.Second)
	}
	forEnd:

	log.Println("have jump out of the loop")
}

2019/02/28 18:47:52 select struct: get time chan every 4 second interval
2019/02/28 18:47:52 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
2019/02/28 18:47:57 select struct: get time chan every 4 second interval
2019/02/28 18:47:57 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
2019/02/28 18:47:58 select struct: get quit signal, now prepare to jump out of the loop
2019/02/28 18:47:58 have jump out of the loop

goto 跳到标签指定的代码块处

---

return

func test(quitChan chan bool)  {
	var (
		interValTime = 4
		sleepTime = 1
	)


	func() {
		for {
			select {
			case <-time.After(time.Duration(interValTime) * time.Second):
				log.Printf("select struct: get time chan every %v second interval\n", interValTime)
			case <-quitChan:
				log.Println("select struct: get quit signal, now prepare to jump out of the loop")
				return
			}
			log.Printf("for struct: sleep %v second before start next loop\n", sleepTime)
			time.Sleep(time.Duration(sleepTime) * time.Second)
		}
	}()

	log.Println("have jump out of the loop")
}

2019/02/28 18:54:31 select struct: get time chan every 4 second interval
2019/02/28 18:54:31 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
2019/02/28 18:54:36 select struct: get time chan every 4 second interval
2019/02/28 18:54:36 for struct: sleep 1 second before start next loop
2019/02/28 18:54:37 select struct: get quit signal, now prepare to jump out of the loop
2019/02/28 18:54:37 have jump out of the loop

return 跳出当前函数

---