文章目录
前言
共享，通过让渡闲置资源的使用权，在有限增加边际成本的前提下，提高了资源利用效率。随着信息的透明化，越来越多的共享发生在陌生人之间。短租，共享空间的一种模式，不论是否体验过入住陌生人的家中，你都可以从短租的数据里挖掘有趣的信息。本文主要根据爱彼迎平台公布的数据绘制房源分布地图以及进行在三种租房模式下地区因子水平对租房价格的影响。
数据集链接：天池大赛数据集
一、绘制房源分布地图
1.导入基本模块
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pyecharts.charts import Geo
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.globals import GeoType
from pyecharts.charts import Map
from scipy import stats
from statsmodels.formula.api import ols
from statsmodels.stats.anova import anova_lm
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')#忽略生成图片时的报错
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']='SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False#是图片显示中文
%matplotlib inline
2.数据清洗
data = pd.read_csv(r'D:\天池大赛\短租数据集\listings.csv')
data.head()
| id | name | host_id | host_name | neighbourhood_group | neighbourhood | latitude | longitude | room_type | price | minimum_nights | number_of_reviews | last_review | reviews_per_month | calculated_host_listings_count | availability_365 | |
| 0 | 44054 | Modern and Comfortable Living in CBD | 192875 | East Apartments | NaN | 朝阳区 / Chaoyang | 39.89503 | 116.45163 | Entire home/apt | 792 | 1 | 89 | 2019-03-04 | 0.85 | 9 | 341 |
| 1 | 100213 | The Great Wall Box Deluxe Suite A团园长城小院东院套房 | 527062 | Joe | NaN | 密云县 / Miyun | 40.68434 | 117.17231 | Private room | 1201 | 1 | 2 | 2017-10-08 | 0.10 | 4 | 0 |
| 2 | 128496 | Heart of Beijing: House with View 2 | 467520 | Cindy | NaN | 东城区 | 39.93213 | 116.42200 | Entire home/apt | 389 | 3 | 259 | 2019-02-05 | 2.70 | 1 | 93 |
| 3 | 161902 | cozy studio in center of Beijing | 707535 | Robert | NaN | 东城区 | 39.93357 | 116.43577 | Entire home/apt | 376 | 1 | 26 | 2016-12-03 | 0.28 | 5 | 290 |
| 4 | 162144 | nice studio near subway, sleep 4 | 707535 | Robert | NaN | 朝阳区 / Chaoyang | 39.93668 | 116.43798 | Entire home/apt | 537 | 1 | 37 | 2018-08-01 | 0.40 | 5 | 352 |
观察数据，可以看到共有16列，分别代表着房源id，房源名称、房主id、房主名称、北京的行政区划分、经度、维度、房源类型、价格、最小租住天数、最后评论日期等。 下面我们进一步粗略浏览整体数据情况
data.info()#使用info方法先整体查看数据集
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 28452 entries, 0 to 28451
Data columns (total 16 columns):
id 28452 non-null int64
name 28451 non-null object
host_id 28452 non-null int64
host_name 28452 non-null object
neighbourhood_group 0 non-null float64
neighbourhood 28452 non-null object
latitude 28452 non-null float64
longitude 28452 non-null float64
room_type 28452 non-null object
price 28452 non-null int64
minimum_nights 28452 non-null int64
number_of_reviews 28452 non-null int64
last_review 17294 non-null object
reviews_per_month 17294 non-null float64
calculated_host_listings_count 28452 non-null int64
availability_365 28452 non-null int64
dtypes: float64(4), int64(7), object(5)
memory usage: 3.5+ MB
通过总览数据我们可以看到，name列有一个空值，neighbourhood_group列全是空值，last_review、reviews_per_month 两列有一部分是空值。
data.describe().T#使用转置方法使结果更可视化
| count | mean | std | min | 25% | 50% | 75% | max | |
| id | 28452.0 | 2.628583e+07 | 6.403312e+06 | 44054.00000 | 2.245616e+07 | 2.787765e+07 | 3.134482e+07 | 3.395441e+07 |
| host_id | 28452.0 | 1.442821e+08 | 7.057051e+07 | 192875.00000 | 8.708958e+07 | 1.525464e+08 | 2.061464e+08 | 2.563498e+08 |
| neighbourhood_group | 0.0 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
| latitude | 28452.0 | 3.998323e+01 | 1.869841e-01 | 39.45581 | 3.989733e+01 | 3.993090e+01 | 3.999047e+01 | 4.094966e+01 |
| longitude | 28452.0 | 1.164420e+02 | 2.047957e-01 | 115.47339 | 1.163553e+02 | 1.164347e+02 | 1.164911e+02 | 1.174953e+02 |
| price | 28452.0 | 6.112033e+02 | 1.623535e+03 | 0.00000 | 2.350000e+02 | 3.890000e+02 | 5.770000e+02 | 6.898300e+04 |
| minimum_nights | 28452.0 | 2.729685e+00 | 1.792093e+01 | 1.00000 | 1.000000e+00 | 1.000000e+00 | 1.000000e+00 | 1.125000e+03 |
| number_of_reviews | 28452.0 | 7.103156e+00 | 1.681507e+01 | 0.00000 | 0.000000e+00 | 1.000000e+00 | 6.000000e+00 | 3.220000e+02 |
| reviews_per_month | 17294.0 | 1.319757e+00 | 1.581243e+00 | 0.01000 | 2.900000e-01 | 8.000000e-01 | 1.750000e+00 | 2.000000e+01 |
| calculated_host_listings_count | 28452.0 | 1.281829e+01 | 2.926132e+01 | 1.00000 | 2.000000e+00 | 5.000000e+00 | 1.100000e+01 | 2.220000e+02 |
| availability_365 | 28452.0 | 2.203421e+02 | 1.384307e+02 | 0.00000 | 8.700000e+01 | 2.090000e+02 | 3.610000e+02 | 3.650000e+02 |
删除neighbourhood_group一列
data = data.drop('neighbourhood_group',axis = 1)
删除name列的空值行
data = data.dropna(axis = 0,subset = ['name'])
规范neighbourhood列，使其只含有中文名
def neighbourhood_str(data):
neighbourhoods=[]
list=data["neighbourhood"].str.findall("\w+").tolist()
for i in list:
neighbourhoods.append(i[0])
return neighbourhoods
data["neighbourhood"]=neighbourhood_str(data)
data.head()
| id | name | host_id | host_name | neighbourhood | latitude | longitude | room_type | price | minimum_nights | number_of_reviews | last_review | reviews_per_month | calculated_host_listings_count | availability_365 | |
| 0 | 44054 | Modern and Comfortable Living in CBD | 192875 | East Apartments | 朝阳区 | 39.89503 | 116.45163 | Entire home/apt | 792 | 1 | 89 | 2019-03-04 | 0.85 | 9 | 341 |
| 1 | 100213 | The Great Wall Box Deluxe Suite A团园长城小院东院套房 | 527062 | Joe | 密云县 | 40.68434 | 117.17231 | Private room | 1201 | 1 | 2 | 2017-10-08 | 0.10 | 4 | 0 |
| 2 | 128496 | Heart of Beijing: House with View 2 | 467520 | Cindy | 东城区 | 39.93213 | 116.42200 | Entire home/apt | 389 | 3 | 259 | 2019-02-05 | 2.70 | 1 | 93 |
| 3 | 161902 | cozy studio in center of Beijing | 707535 | Robert | 东城区 | 39.93357 | 116.43577 | Entire home/apt | 376 | 1 | 26 | 2016-12-03 | 0.28 | 5 | 290 |
| 4 | 162144 | nice studio near subway, sleep 4 | 707535 | Robert | 朝阳区 | 39.93668 | 116.43798 | Entire home/apt | 537 | 1 | 37 | 2018-08-01 | 0.40 | 5 | 352 |
3.绘制房源分布地图
我们现在比较感兴趣的是这这两万多个房源在北京16个行政区的分布情况。
data.neighbourhood.value_counts()
朝阳区 10810
东城区 3346
海淀区 3197
丰台区 1758
西城区 1701
通州区 1290
昌平区 1034
密云县 935
顺义区 920
怀柔区 833
大兴区 823
延庆县 718
房山区 578
石景山区 213
门头沟区 152
平谷区 143
Name: neighbourhood, dtype: int64
data.neighbourhood.hist(bins = 30,figsize = (20,8))
def test_geo():
city = '北京'
g = Geo()
g.add_schema(maptype=city,itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(color="#D9D9D9", border_color="#111"))
# 定义坐标对应的名称，添加到坐标库中 add_coordinate(name, lng, lat)
list1 = data['id'].tolist()
list2 = data.longitude.tolist()
list3 = data.latitude.tolist()
for x,y,z in zip(list1,list2,list3):
g.add_coordinate(str(x),y,z)
#将坐标点名称及坐标点值添加到图表中
b = []
for i in zip(data['id'].map(str),data['id'].value_counts()):
b.append(i)
g.add('', b, type_='scatter', symbol_size=3,color = '#68228B')
# 设置样式成不显示图例
g.set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False))
#设置标题
g.set_global_opts(
title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="{}-房源分布".format(city))
)
return g
g = test_geo()
g.render_notebook()
效果如下图，房源分布地图绘制完毕！
二、单因素方差分析
接下来进行方差分析，本来想进行短租房屋类型因子下对于房屋价格的影响分析，但后来查资料了解到Entire home/apt 代表的是全职房，Private room 代表的是独立房间，shared room 代表的是合住房间，那么他们对于价格的影响必然有显著性差异，所以我们做三种类型下的地区对房价的影响，尤其像 了解共享房间这类新型合租模式地区会对其产生显著性影响吗？
1.Entire home/apt 下地区对房租价格的影响
e_data = data[data['room_type'] == 'Entire home/apt']
e_data.head()
| id | name | host_id | host_name | neighbourhood | latitude | longitude | room_type | price | minimum_nights | number_of_reviews | last_review | reviews_per_month | calculated_host_listings_count | availability_365 | |
| 0 | 44054 | Modern and Comfortable Living in CBD | 192875 | East Apartments | 朝阳区 | 39.89503 | 116.45163 | Entire home/apt | 792 | 1 | 89 | 2019-03-04 | 0.85 | 9 | 341 |
| 2 | 128496 | Heart of Beijing: House with View 2 | 467520 | Cindy | 东城区 | 39.93213 | 116.42200 | Entire home/apt | 389 | 3 | 259 | 2019-02-05 | 2.70 | 1 | 93 |
| 3 | 161902 | cozy studio in center of Beijing | 707535 | Robert | 东城区 | 39.93357 | 116.43577 | Entire home/apt | 376 | 1 | 26 | 2016-12-03 | 0.28 | 5 | 290 |
| 4 | 162144 | nice studio near subway, sleep 4 | 707535 | Robert | 朝阳区 | 39.93668 | 116.43798 | Entire home/apt | 537 | 1 | 37 | 2018-08-01 | 0.40 | 5 | 352 |
| 5 | 279078 | Nice Apartment in Beijing | 1455726 | Fiona | 东城区 | 39.93958 | 116.43485 | Entire home/apt | 403 | 1 | 29 | 2018-11-02 | 0.33 | 7 | 353 |
e_data.price.describe()#浏览Entire home/apt下的价格
count 16955.000000
mean 746.479151
std 1705.645806
min 0.000000
25% 356.000000
50% 470.000000
75% 658.000000
max 68983.000000
Name: price, dtype: float64
观察到价格最低有0元/晚，最高有68983元/晚显然不合理，需要删除
e_data = e_data[e_data['price']>0]#删除价格为0的房源
import seaborn as sns
sns.boxplot(e_data.price,whis=2,orient='h')#选取2倍四分位距仍然有很多异常值，需要删除
def box_plot_outliers(data,data_ser, box_scale):
iqr = box_scale * (data_ser.quantile(0.75) - data_ser.quantile(0.25))
val_low = data_ser.quantile(0.25) - iqr
val_up = data_ser.quantile(0.75) + iqr
a = data[(data_ser> val_low) & (data_ser<val_up)] #删除异常值
b = a[['price','neighbourhood']]#由于方差分析只需要各地区因子水平，以及价格，所以删除其他列
return b
e_data = box_plot_outliers(e_data,e_data.price,2)
e_data
| price | neighbourhood | |
| 0 | 792 | 朝阳区 |
| 2 | 389 | 东城区 |
| 3 | 376 | 东城区 |
| 4 | 537 | 朝阳区 |
| 5 | 403 | 东城区 |
| ... | ... | ... |
| 28444 | 832 | 延庆县 |
| 28446 | 228 | 房山区 |
| 28447 | 396 | 朝阳区 |
| 28449 | 329 | 朝阳区 |
| 28451 | 295 | 丰台区 |
sns.boxplot(e_data.price,whis = 2)
e_data.price.describe()
count 15299.000000
mean 481.556115
std 201.162288
min 54.000000
25% 342.000000
50% 443.000000
75% 584.000000
max 1248.000000
Name: price, dtype: float64
neighbourhood_to_list = {'朝阳区':1,
'海淀区':2,
'东城区':3,
'丰台区':4,
'西城区':5,
'通州区':6,
'昌平区':7,
'大兴区':8,
'顺义区':9,
'石景山区':10,
'房山区':11,
'密云县':12,
'门头沟区':13,
'平谷区':14,
'怀柔区':15,
'延庆县':16}
e_data['neighbourhood'] = e_data['neighbourhood'].map(neighbourhood_to_list)
e_data
| price | neighbourhood | |
| 0 | 792 | 1 |
| 2 | 389 | 3 |
| 3 | 376 | 3 |
| 4 | 537 | 1 |
| 5 | 403 | 3 |
| ... | ... | ... |
| 28444 | 832 | 16 |
| 28446 | 228 | 11 |
| 28447 | 396 | 1 |
| 28449 | 329 | 1 |
| 28451 | 295 | 4 |
model = ols('price ~ neighbourhood',e_data).fit()
anovat = anova_lm(model)
print(anovat)
df sum_sq mean_sq F PR(>F)
neighbourhood 1.0 2.967648e+05 296764.791065 7.336672 0.006764
Residual 15297.0 6.187562e+08 40449.511263 NaN NaN
可以看到对于全租房来说，房价与地区有强烈的显著相关性。
2.Private room 下地区对房租价格的影响
p_data = data[data['room_type'] == 'Private room']
p_data.price.describe()
count 9838.000000
mean 430.681236
std 1203.643527
min 0.000000
25% 181.000000
50% 248.000000
75% 389.000000
max 66667.000000
Name: price, dtype: float64
p_data = p_data[p_data['price']>0]
p_data = box_plot_outliers(p_data,p_data.price,2)
sns.boxplot(p_data.price,whis = 2)
p_data['neighbourhood'] = p_data['neighbourhood'].map(neighbourhood_to_list)
model = ols('price ~ neighbourhood',p_data).fit()
anovat = anova_lm(model)
print(anovat)
df sum_sq mean_sq F PR(>F)
neighbourhood 1.0 1.294708e+07 1.294708e+07 593.986554 4.194081e-127
Residual 9002.0 1.962160e+08 2.179693e+04 NaN NaN
3. Shared room 下地区对房租价格的影响
s_data = data[data['room_type'] == 'Shared room']
s_data.price.describe()
count 1658.000000
mean 293.343185
std 2521.130124
min 27.000000
25% 87.000000
50% 107.000000
75% 148.000000
max 67909.000000
Name: price, dtype: float64
s_data = box_plot_outliers(s_data,s_data.price,2)
sns.boxplot(s_data.price,whis = 2)
p_data['neighbourhood'] = p_data['neighbourhood'].map(neighbourhood_to_list)
model = ols('price ~ neighbourhood',s_data).fit()
anovat = anova_lm(model)
print(anovat)
df sum_sq mean_sq F PR(>F)
neighbourhood 13.0 7.287987e+04 5606.144166 2.838746 0.00048
Residual 1503.0 2.968225e+06 1974.866697 NaN NaN
单因子方差分析完毕
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