1.定义:
servlet规范中定义的一种特殊的组件,用于拦截容器的调用
注:容器收到请求之后,如果有过滤器,会先调用过滤器,然后在调用servlet
2.准备
以对用户的评论进行简单的过滤为例展开
CommentServlet.java
文件
package web;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class CommentServlet
*/
public class CommentServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("service begin...");
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String content = request.getParameter("content");
out.println("你的看法是:" + content);
System.out.println("service end.");
}
}
comment_form.jsp
文件
<%@ page pageEncoding="utf-8"
contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" %>
<html>
<head></head>
<body style="font-size:30px;">
<form action="comment" method="post">
请输入你的看法:<input name="content"/>
<input type="submit" value="确定"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
3.如何写一个过滤器
1.写一个CommentFilter.java
类,实现filter接口,在接口方法中,实现拦截处理逻辑
public class CommentFilter implements Filter{
/**
* 容器启动之后,会立即创建过滤器实例
* (只会创建一个)。
*/
public CommentFilter() {
System.out.println("CommentFilter()");
}
/**
* 容器销毁过滤器实例之前,会调用
* destroy方法(只会执行一次)
*/
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destroy()");
}
/**
* 初始化之后,容器会调用doFilter方法来处理请求。
* FilterChain对象(过滤器链):如果调用了该对象
* 的doFilter方法,容器会继续向后调用(即继续调用
* 后面的过滤器或者servlet),否则中断请求,返回结果。
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("doFilter begin...");
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)arg0;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)arg1;
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
System.out.println("doFilter end.");
}
/**
* 实例化之后,会立即初始化。
* (init方法只会调用一次)。
* 注: FilterConfig对象用于读取初始化参数。
*
*/
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("init()");
}
}
2.配置过滤器(web.xml)
<filter>
<filter-name>filterA</filter-name>
<filter-class>web.CommentFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterA</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/comment</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
3.初始化参数
1.在
<filter>
中配置初始化参数(init-param)
<!-- 配置初始化参数 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>illegal</param-name>
<param-value>猫</param-value>
</init-param>
2.FilterConfig提供的getInitParameter方法来读取初始化参数的值
private FilterConfig config;
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
config = arg0;
System.out.println("init()");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
throws IOException, ServletException {
String illegal = config.getInitParameter("illegal");
}
CommentFilter.java
完整文件
package web;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class CommentFilter implements Filter{
private FilterConfig config;
/**
* 容器启动之后,会立即创建过滤器实例
* (只会创建一个)。
*/
public CommentFilter() {
System.out.println("CommentFilter()");
}
/**
* 容器销毁过滤器实例之前,会调用
* destroy方法(只会执行一次)
*/
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destroy()");
}
/**
* 初始化之后,容器会调用doFilter方法来处理请求。
* FilterChain对象(过滤器链):如果调用了该对象
* 的doFilter方法,容器会继续向后调用(即继续调用
* 后面的过滤器或者servlet),否则中断请求,返回结果。
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("doFilter begin...");
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)arg0;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)arg1;
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String content = request.getParameter("content");
//读取初始化参数
String illegal = config.getInitParameter("illegal");
if(content.indexOf(illegal) != -1){
//中断请求,返回结果
out.println("评论内容非法");
}else{
//继续向后调用
arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
}
System.out.println("doFilter end.");
}
/**
* 实例化之后,会立即初始化。
* (init方法只会调用一次)。
* 注: FilterConfig对象用于读取初始化参数。
*
*/
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
config = arg0;
System.out.println("init()");
}
}
web.xml
完整文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<filter>
<filter-name>filterA</filter-name>
<filter-class>web.CommentFilter</filter-class>
<!-- 配置初始化参数 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>illegal</param-name>
<param-value>猫</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterA</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/comment</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CommentServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>web.CommentServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CommentServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/comment</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
4.优先级
当有多个过滤器都满足拦截要求,则容器依据配置的先后顺序来执行
4.Filter的优点:
通过Filter技术,开发人员可以实现用户在访问某个目标资源之前,对访问的请求和响应进行拦截。
简单说,就是可以实现web容器对某资源的访问前截获进行相关的处理,还可以在某资源向web容器返回响应前进行截获进行处理。
练习:
写一个过滤器检查评论的字数,如果超过指定的字数,(字数显示通过初始化参数配置),则提示用户,“评论字数过多”.
附上源码及答案