Linux 磁盘分区与挂载

用途描述

创建虚拟机时，分配的磁盘大小不足，需要添加新磁盘，本文讲解如何格式化与挂载新磁盘。

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

将新增磁盘分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x51bcd817

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): 
Using default value 1305

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): 
Using default value 1305

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x51bcd817

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        1305    10482381    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5               1        1305    10482349+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

格式化分区 mkfs.xfs

[root@localhost /]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb5
meta-data=/dev/sdb5              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1310592 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5242368, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0


[root@localhost /]# blkid
/dev/sdb5: UUID="be74c126-1f74-4344-970e-c5148c922743" TYPE="ext4" LABEL="u01" 
/dev/sda1: UUID="dc382e14-447e-41c9-9d10-919ffe41130f" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="VWKCsV-YZs4-odpP-gWc1-zGM0-HLvU-Y3jAOI" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/sr0: LABEL="OL6.7 x86_64 Disc 1 20150728" TYPE="iso9660" 
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: UUID="949bfa0a-b903-434a-980f-deb80406c20c" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: UUID="705d3520-108f-4786-b733-8e85357caae0" TYPE="swap" 
[root@localhost /]# 

挂载分区

[root@localhost /]# mkdir /u01

[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       35G   23G   12G  67% /
tmpfs                 1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M  155M  293M  35% /boot

[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb5 /u01
或者使用label挂载
[root@localhost /]# mount LABEL=u01 /u01

[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       35G   23G   12G  67% /
tmpfs                 1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M  155M  293M  35% /boot
/dev/sdb5             9.8G   23M  9.2G   1% /u01

开机启动

在最后一行添加一行

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb5 /u01 xfs defaults 0 0

重启验证

[root@localhost /]# reboot