Golang包管理工具（四）之go-modules的使用

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1. Go modules简介

Go 1.11版本开始支持Go modules方式的依赖包管理功能，官网参考：https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules。

2. go mod的使用

项目文件如下：

hello.go

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "rsc.io/quote"
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println(quote.Hello())
}

操作记录：

# 安装GO 1.11及以上版本
go version
go version go1.12.5 darwin/amd64

# 开启module功能
export GO111MODULE=on

# 进入到项目目录
cd /home/gopath/src/hello

# 初始化
go mod init
go: creating new go.mod: module hello

# 编译
go build
go: finding rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
go: downloading rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
go: extracting rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
go: finding rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
go: finding golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c
go: downloading rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
go: extracting rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c
go: extracting golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c

# 加载依赖包，自动归档到vendor目录
go mod vendor -v

# 命令输出如下:
# golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c
golang.org/x/text/language
golang.org/x/text/internal/tag
# rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
rsc.io/quote
# rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
rsc.io/sampler

# 文件目录结构
./
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── hello  # 二进制文件
├── hello.go
└── vendor
    ├── golang.org
    ├── modules.txt
    └── rsc.io

3. go mod的相关文件

3.1. go.mod

文件路径：项目根目录下

module hello

go 1.12

require rsc.io/quote v1.5.2

3.2. go.sum

文件路径：项目根目录下

golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c h1:qgOY6WgZOaTkIIMiVjBQcw93ERBE4m30iBm00nkL0i8=
golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
rsc.io/quote v1.5.2 h1:w5fcysjrx7yqtD/aO+QwRjYZOKnaM9Uh2b40tElTs3Y=
rsc.io/quote v1.5.2/go.mod h1:LzX7hefJvL54yjefDEDHNONDjII0t9xZLPXsUe+TKr0=
rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0 h1:7uVkIFmeBqHfdjD+gZwtXXI+RODJ2Wc4O7MPEh/QiW4=
rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0/go.mod h1:T1hPZKmBbMNahiBKFy5HrXp6adAjACjK9JXDnKaTXpA=

3.3. modules.txt

文件路径：/{project}/vendor/modules.txt

# golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c
golang.org/x/text/language
golang.org/x/text/internal/tag
# rsc.io/quote v1.5.2
rsc.io/quote
# rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0
rsc.io/sampler

4. go mod的帮助信息

go help mod
Go mod provides access to operations on modules.

Note that support for modules is built into all the go commands,
not just 'go mod'. For example, day-to-day adding, removing, upgrading,
and downgrading of dependencies should be done using 'go get'.
See 'go help modules' for an overview of module functionality.

Usage:

	go mod <command> [arguments]

The commands are:

	download    download modules to local cache
	edit        edit go.mod from tools or scripts
	graph       print module requirement graph
	init        initialize new module in current directory
	tidy        add missing and remove unused modules
	vendor      make vendored copy of dependencies
	verify      verify dependencies have expected content
	why         explain why packages or modules are needed

Use "go help mod <command>" for more information about a command.

4.1. go mod init

go help mod init
usage: go mod init [module]

Init initializes and writes a new go.mod to the current directory,
in effect creating a new module rooted at the current directory.
The file go.mod must not already exist.
If possible, init will guess the module path from import comments
(see 'go help importpath') or from version control configuration.
To override this guess, supply the module path as an argument.

4.2. go mod vendor

go help mod vendor
usage: go mod vendor [-v]

Vendor resets the main module's vendor directory to include all packages
needed to build and test all the main module's packages.
It does not include test code for vendored packages.

The -v flag causes vendor to print the names of vendored
modules and packages to standard error.

参考：

• https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules
• https://blog.golang.org/modules2019
• https://blog.golang.org/using-go-modules