使用ActivityManager的forceStopPackage方法结束进程

做一个应用，需要强制关闭进程。

可以使用ActivityManager的killBackgroundProcesses方法，需要权限android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES。但使用此方法杀死进程后，进程会重启。源码中解释如下：

Have the system immediately kill all background processes associated with the given package.  This is the same as the kernel killing those processes to reclaim memory; the system will take care of restarting these processes in the future as needed.

为了强制关闭进程，希望使用ActivityManager的另外一个方法，forceStopPackage。源码中解释如下：

Have the system perform a force stop of everything associated with the given application package.  All processes that share its uid will be killed, all services it has running stopped, all activities removed, etc.  In addition, a {@link Intent#ACTION_PACKAGE_RESTARTED} broadcast will be sent, so that any of its registered alarms can be stopped, notifications removed, etc.

使用这个方法有两点需要注意：

- 此方法是@hide的方法：

解决方案是使用java的反射机制完成调用，代码如下：

ActivityManager mActivityManager = (ActivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
Method method = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityManager").getMethod("forceStopPackage", String.class);
method.invoke(mActivityManager, packageName);  //packageName是需要强制停止的应用程序包名

- 此方法需要权限：android.permission.FORCE_STOP_PACKAGES

下面着手分析这个权限。

这个权限在frameworks/base/core/res/AndroidManifest.xml文件中声明，如下:

<permission android:name="android.permission.FORCE_STOP_PACKAGES"
 android:permissionGroup="android.permission-group.SYSTEM_TOOLS"
 android:protectionLevel="signature"
 android:label="@string/permlab_forceStopPackages"
 android:description="@string/permdesc_forceStopPackages"/>

注意protectionLevel属性值未signature。看sdk文档http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel中对这一属性的解释如下：

A permission that the system grants only if the requesting application is signed with the same certificate as the application that declared the permission. If the certificates match, the system automatically grants the permission without notifying the user or asking for the user's explicit approval.

意思是：app使用FORCE_STOP_PACKAGES权限，app必须和这个权限的声明者的签名保持一致！

FORCE_STOP_PACKAGES的声明者是frameworks/base/core/res/,可以在frameworks/base/core/res/Android.mk中看到它的签名信息：

LOCAL_NO_STANDARD_LIBRARIES := true
LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := framework-res
LOCAL_CERTIFICATE := platform

即，签名为platform.

最终得到结论，app需要是platform签名，才可以使用forceStopPackage方法！

网上有很多文章提及，需要在app的AndroidManifest.xml中添加android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system"一句话。看sdk（http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/manifest-element.html）对此的解释：

android:sharedUserId

The name of a Linux user ID that will be shared with other applications. By default, Android assigns each application its own unique user ID. However, if this attribute is set to the same value for two or more applications, they will all share the same ID — provided that they are also signed by the same certificate. Application with the same user ID can access each other's data and, if desired, run in the same process.

意思是，两个app使用了相同的user id，就可以互相访问对方的数据。因此，app使用android.uid.system的user id，就可以访问系统数据。注意背景为黄色的一句，这里依然需要两个app有相同的签名才行。