十二小时制与二十四小时制详解

[size=medium][color=indigo]今天晚上居然被这个十二小时制糊弄晕了,于是在网上一阵狂搜,总算基本明白,但还是有些疑问,这个十二小时制和二十四小时制还真的不是件简单的事情,大家点进文章前,请先思考两个问题,12:58PM到底是白天还是晚上?再来一个,上午是从0点开始还是从1点开始?想一下再跟本文的观点比较,但感觉本文一些划分方法还是有问题的,希望大家指正。
为了方便理解,我们先按照12小时制和24小时制时间范围梳理一下:
12小时制:12,1,....,11,12小时制没有零点,具体解释参下文。
24小时制:0,1,...,11,24小时制从0开始,没有24点,具体解释参下文。
一、十二小时制的用法十二小时制起源于埃及,目前在美国、澳大利亚等地区非常流行使用,其它国家和地区则是24小时偏多,12小时制则口语使用较多。
1、十二小时制是指几点到几点?
十二小时制是指[12:00:00——11:59:59],把二十四小时分成两个段,分别用下文的AM和PM表示,没有0点的概念。注意是从 12:00:00开始,而不是[01:00:00——11:59:59]。
按照美国的约定:
午夜的12点整显示为12:00:00AM。也就是说午夜的[12:00:00-12:59:59]已经算是第二天,显示为AM,所以AM范围[夜里12:00:00-中午11:59:59]。
中午的12点整显示为12:00:00PM,也就是说中午的[12:00:00-12:59:59]仍然归属前一天,
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2002年1月四级试题 Part I        Listening Comprehension     (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Example:  You will hear:       You will read:                   A) At the office.                   B) In the waiting room.                   C) At the airport.                   D) In a restaurant.   From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. Sample Answer [-A-] [B] [C] [D] 1. A) She has to post a letter instead.   B) She has to turn down the man's request.   C) She's not sure if the computer is fixed. D) She can't send the message right now. 2. A) He didn't get the book he needed.   B) He had no idea where the book was.   C) The library is closed on weekends.   D) He was not allowed to check out the book. 3. A) Play a tape recorder.    B) Take a picture. C) Repair a typewriter. D) Start a car. 4. A) The woman rejected the man's apology.   B) The woman appreciated the man's offer.   C) The man had forgotten the whole thing. D) The man had hurt the woman's feelings. 5. A) The woman is meeting the man at the airport.   B) They are complaining about the poor airport service.   C) They are discussing their plan for Christmas. D) The man is seeing the woman off. 6. A) She plans to go to graduate school.   B) She will drop out of school.   C) She will stop working and concentrate on her studies. D) She will take a part-time job. 7. A) He needs another job as research assistant. B) He asked Professor Williams for assistance. C) He assists Professor Williams with his teaching. D) He is doing research with Professor Williams. 8. A) She thought there were no tickets left for the show.   B) She thought the seats on the left side were fully occupied.   C) The show was planned a long time ago. D) The audience were deeply impressed by the show. 9. A) Mr. Long's briefing was unnecessarily long.   B) The woman should have been more attentive.   C) Mr. Long's briefing was not relevant to the mission.   D) The woman needn't have attended the briefing. 10. A) In a bank.   B) In a school.    C) In a clothing store. D) In a barbershop. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A) Because the bird couldn't repeat his master's name …… …… Part II Reading comprehension Passage One 译文 一些悲观的专家感到汽车注定要被废弃。他们看到不久的将来有一天所有的汽车都会被抛弃,任其生锈。然而,别的权威们认为汽车还会存在。他们认为在可预见的未来的汽车仍将是城市交通的主要手段。 在以后30年中汽车毫无疑问会有重大变化。它应该变得更小、更安全和更经济,而且不应当由汽油发动机驱动。未来的汽车应当比现在的汽车更无污染。 无论用什么能源,将来的汽车都将依然是城市交通拥挤的主要问题。对这个问题提出的一个解决办法就是自动公路系统。 当汽车进入公路系统,一支伸缩臂从车上落下与铁轨接触,这种铁轨同给地下列车供电的铁轨相似。一旦与铁轨连接,汽车就由系统供电,汽车的操纵交给中心计算机。然后计算机将监控汽车的一切状况。 驾驶员将用电话将目的地的指令拨入监控系统。计算机将计算出最佳线路并且为汽车预留通道,使它一路畅通直达正确的公路出口。然后司机可以自由休息,只等蜂鸣器提醒他到了出口。估计自动公路每小时能够运送一万辆车,而现在的公路每小时只能运送一千五百到两千辆。 21. [C] 从本题的题干来看,未来汽车比较显著的一种变化应该是不同一般的,也应该是文章所着重要介绍的。文章大部分篇幅所介绍的是未来监控系统,所以本题答案应该是C。 22. [C] 从文章第三段the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion来看,作者主要关心的还是如何解决交通堵塞的问题,即C。 23. [A] 根据常识来判断,"可伸缩得手臂 "只是用来连接汽车与铁轨的工具,是能源的传导器,也就是说,提供能源的不是"可伸缩的手臂",而"铁轨",所以答案为A。 24. [D] 文章的最后一段the driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into system说明本题的答案为D,即在计算机监控系统下,司机所做的不过是通过电话告诉系统自己的目的地而已。 25. [C] 从作者对计算机监控系统的使用来看,作者对自行车的前景是抱乐观态度的,所以答案为C。 Passage Two 译文 狐狸和农场主从来就不能和睦相处。这些小的象狗的动物一直因为咬死农场动物而受到谴责。狐狸被正式划为有害动物,农场主通过枪死和毒杀减少它们的数目。 农场主还可以要求当地人帮助追猎以控狐狸的数目。追猎就是用一群经专门训练的狗在乡村追杀狐狸,后面跟着骑马的男人和女人。当狗终于抓住狐狸的时候。狗咬死它或者猎人枪杀它。 参加追猎的人把它看成是一项运动,他们穿着红上衣白裤子的特别服,严格遵守一些规则行动。但拥有一匹马和定期追猎很昂贵,所以大多数猎手都是有钱人。 据估计高达十万人观看或者参加与追猎狐狸。但是最近几十年反对猎杀狐狸的人数急剧上升,因为他们认为这样做很残酷。现在几乎没有哪一次狩猎不因狩猎者和阻拦者之间发生某种冲突而告终。有时这些事件导致暴力,但大多数阻拦者都是通过误导骑马的或打乱猎犬跟踪的狐狸嗅迹来干预狩猎。 狩猎者和阻拦者之间发生的喧嚣冲突很寻常,几乎成为整个狩猎过程中与追捕狐狸本身同等重要的一部分。但是今年猎狐支持者面对这项运动的更大威胁。议会工党员迈克•福斯特力图让议会批准一项使用狗来猎取野生动物为非法的新法律。如果这项法律通过获得,像狐狸这样的野生动物将在英国禁止令下得到保护。 26. [A] 从短文第三段People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport可以判断,英国人猎狐是作为一种娱乐和消遣,所以答案为A。 27. [C] 从文章第三段and follow strict codes of behavior来看,英国人猎狐是又严格规定的,从而说明答案为C。文章第一段虽然提到or poisoning them但下毒却不属于猎狐的范畴,所以A不对。 28. [B] 本题为细节判断题,文章第四段interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell说明答案为B。 29. [B] 本题也是细节理解题,文章最后提到a new law which will make hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal说明法律禁止带狗狩猎。 30. [C] 文章倒数第二段叙述了带狗狩猎 …… …… 真题 答案 都很详细!!!

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