大家好。今天晚上让我扯扯建造者模式..
什么是建造者模式呢?简单来说,一个对象往往是由很多部件组成的,而且这些部件的组成也有某些关系。那么怎么才能正确的产生对象呢?就用建造者模式了。
好比我们在KFC点了套餐,每份套餐都是由不同的东西组成的,比如饮料,主食之类的.我们可以通过创建者模式来模拟KFC点餐的效果。
按照惯例,我们要先看一下建造者模式的概念
建造者模式:将一个复杂对象的构造与它的表示分离,使同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示,这样的设计模式被称为建造者模式。
看下UML图:
理解一下几个概念
Builder:为创建一个产品对象的各个部件指定抽象接口。
ConcreteBuilder:实现Builder的接口以构造和装配该产品的各个部件,定义并明确它所创建的表示,并提供一个检索产品的接口。
Director:构造一个使用Builder接口的对象。
Product:表示被构造的复杂对象。ConcreteBuilder创建该产品的内部表示并定义它的装配过程,包含定义组成部件的类,包括将这些部件装配成最终产品的接口。
来看看我们刚才说的KFC的例子
KFC的销售员根据客户的点餐来获得具体的不同套餐
看下UML图
看下代码
package edu.fjnu.cs.hwb.builderpattern;
public class Meal
{
private String food;
private String drink;
public String getFood() {
return food;
}
public void setFood(String food) {
this.food = food;
}
public String getDrink() {
return drink;
}
public void setDrink(String drink) {
this.drink = drink;
}
public String toString() {
return "Meal [food=" + food + ", drink=" + drink + "]";
}
}
package edu.fjnu.cs.hwb.builderpattern;
public abstract class MealBuilder
{
private Meal meal = new Meal();
public Meal getMeal()
{
return meal;
}
public void setMeal(Meal meal)
{
this.meal = meal;
}
public abstract void buildFood();
public abstract void buildDrink();
}
package edu.fjnu.cs.hwb.builderpattern;
public class CocacolaAndHamburgerMealBuilder extends MealBuilder
{
public void buildFood()
{
Meal m = getMeal();
m.setFood("汉堡");
}
public void buildDrink()
{
Meal m = getMeal();
m.setDrink("可口可乐");
}
}
package edu.fjnu.cs.hwb.builderpattern;
public class BeerAndChickenRollsMealBuilder extends MealBuilder
{
public void buildFood()
{
Meal m = getMeal();
m.setFood("鸡肉卷");
}
public void buildDrink()
{
Meal m = getMeal();
m.setDrink("啤酒");
}
}
package edu.fjnu.cs.hwb.builderpattern;
public class KFCWaiter
{
private MealBuilder mealBuilder;
public MealBuilder getMealBuilder()
{
return mealBuilder;
}
public KFCWaiter(MealBuilder mealBuilder)
{
super();
this.mealBuilder = mealBuilder;
}
public void setMealBuilder(MealBuilder mealBuilder)
{
this.mealBuilder = mealBuilder;
}
public Meal construct()
{
mealBuilder.buildDrink();// 这两行就定义了先后关系。我们可以再这里控制对象各个部件的关系
mealBuilder.buildFood();//
return mealBuilder.getMeal();
}
}
看下客户端怎么使用
package edu.fjnu.cs.hwb.builderpattern;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
public class Clinet
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException
{
/*
KFCWaiter kfcwaiter = new KFCWaiter(new CocacolaAndHamburgerMealBuilder());
System.out.println(kfcwaiter.construct());
kfcwaiter = new KFCWaiter(new BeerAndChickenRollsMealBuilder());
System.out.println(kfcwaiter.construct());
*/
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File("temp.properties"));//配置文件的做法
Properties p = new Properties();
p.load(in);
String name = (String) p.get("mealbuilderone");
Class c = Class.forName(name);
KFCWaiter kfcwaiter = new KFCWaiter((MealBuilder)c.newInstance());
System.out.println(kfcwaiter.construct());
name = (String)p.get("mealbuildertwo");
c = Class.forName(name);
kfcwaiter = new KFCWaiter((MealBuilder)c.newInstance());
System.out.println(kfcwaiter.construct());
}
}
看下配置文件
看下结果
总结:如果一个对象由多个成分构成,且各个成分有一定的先后关系,可以考虑建造者模式.
如果有错误请指出!!