1、SpringMVC是什么
SpringMVC是Spring这个框架的一个模块 Web MVC模块
这个模块的主要功能就是对Servlet进行了封装 简化Servlet的操作 是控制器的一个解决方案
问题:就是有了Servlet为什么还要学习 SpringMVC呢?
Servlet相当于偏底层 我们在实现功能的时候更复杂 我们使用了SpringMVC之后 那么相应的开发就会变得比较简单
比如:
SpringMVC中提供了 参数的自动封装 Servlet的时代:getParameter
SpringMVC中提供了文件的上传和下载 Servlet也能实现这个功能但是向比较而言 我们的SpringMVC就更简单
方法约束的问题:Springmvc中可以控制我们的方法 只有 指定的请求方法才能访问
2、SpringMVC的第一个helloworld程序
2.1、导包
<!-- 导包
Web应用程序 所需要的包
-->
<!--
Servlet的包
-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<!-- 服务器中已经有这个包了 打包的时候 不用打包这个包了-->
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--Servlet对jsp的支持包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入Spring需要的包 -->
<!--导包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 面向切面编程的这个包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.9.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.26</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
2.2、编写spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd">
<!-- 配置包的扫描
配置的是控制器的包的扫描
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.edu.controller"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
2.3、编写web.xml配置
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2.4、编写控制器
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/test.action")
@ResponseBody
public Object test(){
return "xxxx....";
}
}
3、SpringMVC中参数的自动封装问题
4.1、键值对类型的参数接受
@RequestMapping("/parameter1.action") @ResponseBody public Object parameter(String username,String password){ System.out.println("username:"+username+"---password:"+password); return "xxxx...."; }
4.2、对象类型的参数接受
/** * 只要对象的属性名和前端传输的key的名字保持一致 那么就能接受 * @param user * @return */ @RequestMapping("/parameter.action") @ResponseBody public Object parameter2(User user){ System.out.println("username:"+user); return "xxxx...."; }
4.3、数组类型的参数接受
4.3.1、jsp的编写
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="/user/parameter.action" method="post"> 你的爱好是: 唱:<input type="checkbox" name="habbits" value="唱"><br> 跳:<input type="checkbox" name="habbits" value="跳"><br> rap:<input type="checkbox" name="habbits" value="rap"><br> <input type="submit" value="提交数据"> </form> </body> </html>
4.3.2、控制器代码的编写
@RequestMapping("/parameter.action") @ResponseBody public Object parameter3(String[] habbits){ System.out.println("username:"+ Arrays.toString(habbits)); return "XXXXX....";