Java的自动装箱与拆箱

Java的自动装箱与拆箱是什么呢？先看看Java语言规范Boxing Conversion、Unboxing Conversion，我们知道Java有8个原始类型分别是int、double、long、short、float、byte、boolean、char，这8个原始类型分别对应下图的8个包装类型。

装箱就是把原始类型转换成对应的包装类型，拆箱就是把包装类型转换成对应的原始类型，自动就是说不需要你做任何操作，Java编译器自动帮你做了。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Integer reference = 100;
        int primitive = reference;
    }
}

这么写语法上不会有任何问题，但Java是如何自动帮我们完成类型转换的呢？我们反编译一下这个class文件看看：

观察反编译的字节码指令我们看到，自动装箱和拆箱实际上是调用了Integer.valueOf(int):Integer和Integer.intValue():int这两个方法来完成的。我们来看看这两个方法的源码：

 /**
     * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
     * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
     * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
     * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
     * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
     * caching frequently requested values.
     *
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
     *
     * @param  i an {@code int} value.
     * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

/**
     * The value of the {@code Integer}.
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private final int value;

    /**
     * Constructs a newly allocated {@code Integer} object that
     * represents the specified {@code int} value.
     *
     * @param   value   the value to be represented by the
     *                  {@code Integer} object.
     *
     * @deprecated
     * It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. The static factory
     * {@link #valueOf(int)} is generally a better choice, as it is
     * likely to yield significantly better space and time performance.
     */
    @Deprecated(since="9")
    public Integer(int value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

就是将传入的原始类型值保存在内部的原始类型value上，我们还主要到value是final修饰的，也就意味着Integer是不可变对象。同时文档里还描述了用IntegerCache来缓存-128~127的数字，下面是IntegerCache的源码

/**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * jdk.internal.misc.VM class.
     */

    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

/**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Integer} as an
     * {@code int}.
     */
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public int intValue() {
        return value;
    }