Fragment 和 Activity 日常交流
Android 官方提倡使用 Activity 搭载 Fragment 的形式,代替单个 Activity 展示界面的模式,因此就有了标准的 SingleFragmentActivity.java 以及 activity_fragment.xml 的标准 Activity 模板代码:
<!-- activity_fragment.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/fragmentContainer"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</FrameLayout>
public abstract class SingleFragmentActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
protected abstract Fragment createFragment();
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_fragment);
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
Fragment fragment = fm.findFragmentById(R.id.fragmentContainer);
if (fragment == null) {
fragment = createFragment();
fm.beginTransaction()
.add(R.id.fragmentContainer,fragment)
.commit();
}
}
}
实践证明,这种模式更加灵活优雅简洁,但前提是需要将 Activity 和 Fragment 之间的通讯问题全部解决,毕竟,Activity 自己已经不管事了。
1. 使用 getArguments() 向 hostActivity 索要参数
private static final String ARG_CRIME_ID = "crime_id";
private UUID mCrimeId;
public static CrimeFragment newInstance(UUID crimeId) {
Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putSerializable(ARG_CRIME_ID, crimeId);
CrimeFragment fragment = new CrimeFragment();
fragment.setArguments(args);
return fragment;
}
@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
crimeId = (UUID) getArguments().getSerializable(ARG_CRIME_ID);
2. Fragment 托管 Activity 的 OptionMenu
setHasOptionsMenu(true);// 确定托管 host Activity 的 OptionMenu
// 代替宿主 Activity 覆盖以下方法
@Override
public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater);
inflater.inflate(R.menu.fragment_crime_list, menu);
MenuItem subtitleItem = menu.findItem(R.id.menu_item_show_subtitle);
if (mSubtitleVisible) {
subtitleItem.setTitle(R.string.hide_subtitle);
} else {
subtitleItem.setTitle(R.string.show_subtitle);
}
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.menu_item_new_crime:
Crime crime = new Crime();
CrimeLab.get(getActivity()).addCrime(crime);
Intent intent = CrimePagerActivity
.newIntent(getActivity(), crime.getId());
startActivity(intent);
return true;
case R.id.menu_item_show_subtitle:
mSubtitleVisible = !mSubtitleVisible;
getActivity().invalidateOptionsMenu();
updateSubtitle();
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
3. 设置当 hostActivity 意外杀死重建时,本 Fragment 的实例不随之销毁重建
setRetainInstance(true); // 不销毁重建,而是 deattch 再 attch
4. 同一 SingleFragmentActivity 托管下的两个 Fragment ,如同 Activity 间一样,通过 Fragment.onActivityResult(int requestCode,int resulteCode,Intent data)
进行通讯
// 1. CrimeFragment.java : 为 DatePickerFragment 设置 Target Fragment,设置 RequestCode ,并启动之
private static final int REQUEST_DATE = 0;
mDateButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
DatePickerFragment datePickerFragment = DatePickerFragment
.newInstance(mCrime.getDate());
datePickerFragment.setTargetFragment(CrimeFragment.this, REQUEST_DATE);
datePickerFragment.show(fm, DIALOG_DATE);
}
});
// 2. DatePickerFragment.java : DatePickerFragment 关闭时发送数据
private void sendResult(int resultCode, Date date) {
if (getTargetFragment() == null) {
return;
}
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATE, date);
getTargetFragment().onActivityResult(getTargetRequestCode(),resultCode,intent);
}
sendResult(Activity.RESULT_OK,date);
// 3. CrimeFragment.java :FragmentManager 回调 Fragment 的 onActivtyResult
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {
return;
}
if (REQUEST_DATE == requestCode) {
Date date = (Date) data
.getSerializableExtra(DatePickerFragment.EXTRA_DATE);
mCrime.setDate(date);
updateDate();
} else if (REQUEST_CONTACT == requestCode && data != null) {
Uri contactUri = data.getData();
String[] queryFields = new String[]{
ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME
};
Cursor cursor = getActivity().getContentResolver()
.query(contactUri, queryFields, null, null, null);
try {
if (cursor.getCount() == 0) {
return;
}
cursor.moveToFirst();
String suspect = cursor.getString(0);
mCrime.setSuspect(suspect);
mSuspectButton.setText(suspect);
} finally {
cursor.close();
}
} else if (requestCode == REQUEST_PHOTO) {
updatePhotoView();
}
}