常用插件分享

两个月前我只是一直知道有Maven，但从来没用过也没这个计划，直到我们的jar又多又乱，到了不理不行的地步的时候，我想到了Maven。

为了正统，我直接到Apache/Sonatype上去找资料，发现Sonatype（http://www.sonatype.com/）所提供的文档最为劲爆，很快就可以掌握Maven的使用，其中的Sonatype-maven-by-example.pdf最为直接，从单个简单项目到多项目管理，再到多项目管理的优化，无所不谈，我相信大家通过这个文档的系统学习，肯定能跟我那样，入门绝对不是问题。


我所用到的插件，拿出来晒一下，好做交流，其实用的还是很基本的能力：

1、maven-surefire-plugin：单元测试用。用法举例：

Xml代码  

1. <plugin>  
2.                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
3.                 <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>  
4.                 <version>2.6</version>  
5.                 <configuration>  
6.                     <parallel>methods</parallel>  
7.                     <skipTests>true</skipTests>  
8.                 </configuration>  
9.             </plugin>  

<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.6</version>
				<configuration>
					<parallel>methods</parallel>
					<skipTests>true</skipTests>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>

2、maven-compiler-plugin：编译插件，方便指定目标JDK版本，以及其他一些编译细节。用法举例：

Xml代码  

1. <plugin>  
2.                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
3.                     <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>  
4.                     <version>2.3.2</version>  
5.                     <configuration>  
6.                         <source>1.6</source>  
7.                         <target>1.6</target>  
8.                     </configuration>  
9.                 </plugin>  

<plugin>
					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
					<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
					<version>2.3.2</version>
					<configuration>
						<source>1.6</source>
						<target>1.6</target>
					</configuration>
				</plugin>

3、maven-antrun-plugin：跑ant脚本的插件，如果原来的ant脚本还有用武之地或者有些工作还是喜欢ant来帮忙的话。用法举例：

Java代码  

1. <plugin>   
2.                 <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>   
3.                 <version>1.6</version>   
4.                 <executions>   
5.                     <execution>   
6.                         <phase>generate-sources</phase>   
7.                         <configuration>   
8.                             <target name="copy-beans" description="--> copy necessary beans from application">   
9.                                 <echo message="copy beans from application artifact"/>   
10.                                 <copy todir="${beans.copy.to.dir}">   
11.                                     <fileset dir="${beans.copy.from.dir}">   
12.                                             <include name="**/Resource.java" />   
13.                                             <exclude name="**/*.xml" />   
14.                                     </fileset>   
15.                                 </copy>   
16.                                    
17.                             </target>   
18.                         </configuration>   
19.                         <goals>   
20.                             <goal>run</goal>   
21.                         </goals>   
22.                     </execution>   
23.                 </executions>   
24.             </plugin>  

<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>1.6</version>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<phase>generate-sources</phase>
						<configuration>
							<target name="copy-beans" description="--> copy necessary beans from application">
								<echo message="copy beans from application artifact"/>
								<copy todir="${beans.copy.to.dir}">
									<fileset dir="${beans.copy.from.dir}">
											<include name="**/Resource.java" />
											<exclude name="**/*.xml" />
									</fileset>
								</copy>
								
							</target>
						</configuration>
						<goals>
							<goal>run</goal>
						</goals>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>

因为我们设计一个applet的子项目，需要拷贝一些资源过来，而不是造成交叉依赖——大家说不定有更好的办法。

4、maven-war-plugin：webapp的必备插件，用来打包war。用法举例：

Xml代码  

1. <plugin>  
2.                 <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>  
3.                 <version>2.1.1</version>  
4.                 <configuration>  
5.                     <!-- exclude those which shared lib    
6.                     <packagingExcludes>  
7.                         WEB-INF/lib/nric-framework*.jar,   
8.                         WEB-INF/lib/spring-core*.jar,   
9.                         WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm*.jar,   
10.                         WEB-INF/lib/commons-*.jar,   
11.                         WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop*.jar,   
12.                         WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance*.jar,   
13.                         WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans*.jar,   
14.                         WEB-INF/lib/spring-context*.jar,   
15.                         WEB-INF/lib/spring-orm*.jar,   
16.                         WEB-INF/lib/spring-tx*.jar,   
17.                         WEB-INF/lib/ibatis*.jar,   
18.                         WEB-INF/lib/oracle*.jar,   
19.                         WEB-INF/lib/jcl-over-slf4j*.jar,   
20.                         WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-*.jar,   
21.                         WEB-INF/lib/javassist*.jar,   
22.                         WEB-INF/lib/aspectjrt*.jar,   
23.                         WEB-INF/lib/aspectjweaver*.jar,   
24.                         WEB-INF/lib/spring-jdbc*.jar,   
25.                         WEB-INF/lib/log4j*.jar,   
26.                         WEB-INF/lib/quartz*.jar,   
27.                         WEB-INF/lib/cglib*.jar,   
28.                         WEB-INF/lib/asm-*.jar,   
29.                         WEB-INF/lib/joda-time*.jar   
30.                     </packagingExcludes>-->  
31.                     <!-- Use this to include a selection of jars that will be included in the WAR -->  
32.                     <!--    
33.                     <packagingIncludes>  
34.                         **/*.xml,**/*.properties,**/*.class,**/*.png,**/*.css,**/*.js,**/*.jsp,   
35.                         WEB-INF/lib/spring-web*.jar   
36.                     </packagingIncludes>  
37.                     -->  
38.                     <archive>  
39.                         <manifest>  
40.                             <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>  
41.                             <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>  
42.                         </manifest>  
43.                     </archive>  
44.                 </configuration>  
45.             </plugin>  

<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.1.1</version>
				<configuration>
					<!-- exclude those which shared lib 
					<packagingExcludes>
						WEB-INF/lib/nric-framework*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/spring-core*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/commons-*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/spring-context*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/spring-orm*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/spring-tx*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/ibatis*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/oracle*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/jcl-over-slf4j*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/javassist*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/aspectjrt*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/aspectjweaver*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/spring-jdbc*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/log4j*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/quartz*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/cglib*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/asm-*.jar,
						WEB-INF/lib/joda-time*.jar
					</packagingExcludes>-->
					<!-- Use this to include a selection of jars that will be included in the WAR -->
					<!-- 
					<packagingIncludes>
						**/*.xml,**/*.properties,**/*.class,**/*.png,**/*.css,**/*.js,**/*.jsp,
						WEB-INF/lib/spring-web*.jar
					</packagingIncludes>
					-->
					<archive>
						<manifest>
							<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
							<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
						</manifest>
					</archive>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>

注意：我注释掉的部分一般用来做war减肥用，如果需要打包为ear的话

5、org.mortbay.jetty：jetty调试插件，用来启动web做集成测试、调试用。用法举例：

Xml代码  

1. <plugin>  
2.                 <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>  
3.                 <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>  
4.                 <version>7.0.1.v20091125</version>  
5.                 <configuration>  
6.                     <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>  
7.                     <webAppConfig>  
8.                         <contextPath>/nric-demo</contextPath>  
9.                     </webAppConfig>  
10.                 </configuration>  
11.             </plugin>  

<plugin>
				<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
				<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>7.0.1.v20091125</version>
				<configuration>
					<scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
					<webAppConfig>
						<contextPath>/nric-demo</contextPath>
					</webAppConfig>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>

我觉得用插件的精髓是不在于多在于合适。希望大家也来分享下。
另外，关于私服问题，我的看法是有条件上没条件就免了，可选。

补充几点心得：
1、建议在parent的pom中使用好pluginManagement和dependencyManagement，而子项目引用即可；
2、使用参数，方便管理版本和重要参数；
3、明显不用的dependency要exclude掉（使用exclusion），避免过多垃圾；
4、合理设置子项目

附上Sonatype-maven-by-example.pdf。
——说明：版权完全为Sonatype所有，并敬请大家通过正式渠道下载最新版。

• Sonatype-maven-by-example.pdf (3.9 MB)
• 下载次数: 791