路由:
web的请求到达后端服务时,controller(控制器)会处理传入的http请求并响应用户操作,请求的url会被映射到控制器的操作方法上。
此映射过程由应用程序中定义的路由规则完成。
ASP.NET.Core MVC中的路由
路由使用一对由UseRouting和UseEndPoints注册的中间件:
UseRouting向中间件管道添加路由匹配。此中间件会查看应用中定义的终结点集,并根据请求选择最佳匹配
UseEndpoints向中间件管道添加终结点执行。
asp.net.core有两种路由技术:常规路由和属性路由
常规路由:
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();
}
默认路由模板{controller=Home}/{action = Index}/{id?}
,大多数的URL都会按照这个规则进行映射。问号表示 id 参数可有可无。
如果要定义自己的路径模板,要使用 UseMvc()方法,而不是 UseMvcWithDefaultRoute()方法。
app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute("default","{controller=Home}/{action = Index}/{id?}");
});
//1、启用默认路由
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();
//2、自定义路由模板
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});
//3、使用UseEndpoints自定义路由模板
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
name: "default",
pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});
属性路由:
使用属性路由,可以在Controller或 Controller 的操作方法上应用Route属性。
在Startp.cs文件Configure方法中,我们只使用app.UseMvc();然后在Controller的Action方法上通过特性Route来配置。
[Route("[controller]/[action]")]
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private readonly IStudentRepository _studentRepository;
//构造函数注入
public HomeController(IStudentRepository studentRepository)
{
_studentRepository = studentRepository;
}
[Route("")]
[Route("~/")] //解决 http://localhost:44338/ 访问不了问题
[Route("~/home")] //解决 http://localhost:44338/home 访问不了问题
public IActionResult Index(int id)
{
return Json(_studentRepository.GetStudent(id));
}
[Route("{id?}")]
public IActionResult Details(int? id)
{
Student model = _studentRepository.GetStudent(id??1);
return View(model);
}
public ObjectResult detail()
{
return new ObjectResult(_studentRepository.GetStudent(1));
}
}
在实际项目中运用到的例子---下载文件
[ApiExplorerSettings(IgnoreApi = true)]
public class DownFileController : Controller
{
private ILogger _logger;
/// <summary>
/// 下载Pscan文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="taskId"></param>
/// <param name="DownloadFilePath"></param>
/// <param name="fileNameList"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[Route("[Controller]/{taskId}/{DownloadFilePath?}/{fileName?}")]
public IActionResult GetDownFileMessage(string taskId, string DownloadFilePath, string fileName)
{
try
{
if (fileName != null)
{
//远程部署
//string path = "/home/ftp_flow/Data/TaskData/" + taskId + "/" + DownloadFilePath;
//string zipPath = "/Data/PscanDownFile/" + $"{DownloadFilePath+"/"+fileNameList}.zip";
//本地调试
string path = @"E:\beijingData\TaskData\" + taskId + "/" + DownloadFilePath;
Console.WriteLine(path);
var filePath = Path.Combine(path, fileName);
if (System.IO.File.Exists(filePath))
{
Console.WriteLine(filePath);
string fileExt = Path.GetExtension(filePath);
//获取文件的ContentType
var provider = new FileExtensionContentTypeProvider();
var memi = provider.Mappings[fileExt];
var stream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(filePath);
Console.WriteLine("success");
return File(stream, memi, Path.GetFileName(filePath));
}
else
{
return NotFound();
}
}
else
{
return NotFound();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return NotFound();
}
}
}