JAVA设计模式之组合模式

JAVA 设计模式之组合模式

1. 定义

将对象组合成树形结构已表示”部分-整体“的层次结构

组合模式使客户端对单个对象和组合对象保持一致的处理方式

2. 类型

结构型

3 适用场景

希望客户端可以忽略组合对象与单个对象的差异时

处理一个树形结构时

4. 优点

1. 清晰的定义分层次的复杂对象，表示对象的全部或部分层次
2. 让客户端忽略的了层次的差异，方便对整个层次结构进行控制
3. 简化客户端代码
4. 符合开闭原则

5. 缺点

1. 限制类型时较为复杂
2. 使设计变得更加抽象

6. 组合模式的相关设计模式

组合模式和访问模式

访问模式可以访问组合模式的递归结构

7. coding

7.1 目录接口

public abstract class CatalogComponent {
    public void add(CatalogComponent catalogComponent){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持添加操作");
    }
    public void remove(CatalogComponent catalogComponent){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持删除操作");
    }

    public String getName(CatalogComponent catalogComponent){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持获取名称操作");
    }

    public double getPrice(CatalogComponent catalogComponent){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持获取价格操作");
    }

    public void print(){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持打印操作");
    }

}

7.2 课程继承目录接口

public class Course extends CatalogComponent {
    private String name;
    private double price;

    public Course(String name, double price) {
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName(CatalogComponent catalogComponent) {
        return this.name;
    }

    @Override
    public double getPrice(CatalogComponent catalogComponent) {
        return this.price;
    }

    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("Course Name:"+name+" Price:"+price);
    }

}

7.3 课程目录继承目录接口

public class CourseCatalog extends CatalogComponent {
    private List<CatalogComponent> items = new ArrayList<CatalogComponent>();
    private String name;
    private Integer level;


    public CourseCatalog(String name,Integer level) {
        this.name = name;
        this.level = level;
    }

    @Override
    public void add(CatalogComponent catalogComponent) {
        items.add(catalogComponent);
    }

    @Override
    public String getName(CatalogComponent catalogComponent) {
        return this.name;
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(CatalogComponent catalogComponent) {
        items.remove(catalogComponent);
    }

    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println(this.name);
        for(CatalogComponent catalogComponent : items){
            if(this.level != null){
                for(int  i = 0; i < this.level; i++){
                    System.out.print("  ");
                }
            }
            catalogComponent.print();
        }
    }

}

7.4 UML

7.5 测试类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CatalogComponent linuxCourse = new Course("Linux课程",11);
        CatalogComponent windowsCourse = new Course("Windows课程",11);

        CatalogComponent javaCourseCatalog = new CourseCatalog("Java课程目录",2);

        CatalogComponent mmallCourse1 = new Course("Java电商一期",55);
        CatalogComponent mmallCourse2 = new Course("Java电商二期",66);
        CatalogComponent designPattern = new Course("Java设计模式",77);

        javaCourseCatalog.add(mmallCourse1);
        javaCourseCatalog.add(mmallCourse2);
        javaCourseCatalog.add(designPattern);

        CatalogComponent imoocMainCourseCatalog = new CourseCatalog("慕课网课程主目录",1);
        imoocMainCourseCatalog.add(linuxCourse);
        imoocMainCourseCatalog.add(windowsCourse);
        imoocMainCourseCatalog.add(javaCourseCatalog);

        imoocMainCourseCatalog.print();
    }
}

8 源码解析

8.1 Container

8.1.1. 来源

java.awt.Container 

8.1.2. coding

  public Component add(Component comp) {
        addImpl(comp, null, -1);
        return comp;
    }

protected void addImpl(Component comp, Object constraints, int index) {
        synchronized (getTreeLock()) {
            /* Check for correct arguments:  index in bounds,
             * comp cannot be one of this container's parents,
             * and comp cannot be a window.
             * comp and container must be on the same GraphicsDevice.
             * if comp is container, all sub-components must be on
             * same GraphicsDevice.
             */
            GraphicsConfiguration thisGC = this.getGraphicsConfiguration();

            if (index > component.size() || (index < 0 && index != -1)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                          "illegal component position");
            }
            checkAddToSelf(comp);
            checkNotAWindow(comp);
            if (thisGC != null) {
                comp.checkGD(thisGC.getDevice().getIDstring());
            }

            /* Reparent the component and tidy up the tree's state. */
            if (comp.parent != null) {
                comp.parent.remove(comp);
                    if (index > component.size()) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("illegal component position");
                    }
            }

            //index == -1 means add to the end.
            if (index == -1) {
                component.add(comp);
            } else {
                component.add(index, comp);
            }
            comp.parent = this;
            comp.setGraphicsConfiguration(thisGC);

            adjustListeningChildren(AWTEvent.HIERARCHY_EVENT_MASK,
                comp.numListening(AWTEvent.HIERARCHY_EVENT_MASK));
            adjustListeningChildren(AWTEvent.HIERARCHY_BOUNDS_EVENT_MASK,
                comp.numListening(AWTEvent.HIERARCHY_BOUNDS_EVENT_MASK));
            adjustDescendants(comp.countHierarchyMembers());

            invalidateIfValid();
            if (peer != null) {
                comp.addNotify();
            }

            /* Notify the layout manager of the added component. */
            if (layoutMgr != null) {
                if (layoutMgr instanceof LayoutManager2) {
                    ((LayoutManager2)layoutMgr).addLayoutComponent(comp, constraints);
                } else if (constraints instanceof String) {
                    layoutMgr.addLayoutComponent((String)constraints, comp);
                }
            }
            if (containerListener != null ||
                (eventMask & AWTEvent.CONTAINER_EVENT_MASK) != 0 ||
                Toolkit.enabledOnToolkit(AWTEvent.CONTAINER_EVENT_MASK)) {
                ContainerEvent e = new ContainerEvent(this,
                                     ContainerEvent.COMPONENT_ADDED,
                                     comp);
                dispatchEvent(e);
            }

            comp.createHierarchyEvents(HierarchyEvent.HIERARCHY_CHANGED, comp,
                                       this, HierarchyEvent.PARENT_CHANGED,
                                       Toolkit.enabledOnToolkit(AWTEvent.HIERARCHY_EVENT_MASK));
            if (peer != null && layoutMgr == null && isVisible()) {
                updateCursorImmediately();
            }
        }
    }