AQS源码解析

简介

	AQS的全称是AbstractQueuedSynchronizer,又叫队列同步器，
	是用来构建锁或者其他同步组件的基础框架。
	AQS使用int成员变量表示同步状态，通过内置的FIFO队列
	来完成资源获取，线程排队的工作。

继承体系

其父类AbstractOwnableSynchronizer重要的源码如下

private transient Thread exclusiveOwnerThread;

protected final void setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread thread) {
    exclusiveOwnerThread = thread;
}


protected final Thread getExclusiveOwnerThread() {
    return exclusiveOwnerThread;
}

只有一个属性，并提供了get/set方法

主要内部类

static final class Node {
    // 标识一个节点是共享模式
    static final Node SHARED = new Node();
    // 标识一个节点是互斥模式
    static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null;
   
    // 标识线程已取消
    static final int CANCELLED =  1;
    // 标识后继节点需要唤醒
    static final int SIGNAL    = -1;
    // 标识线程等待在一个条件上
    static final int CONDITION = -2;
    //标识后面的共享锁需要无条件的传播（共享锁需要连续唤醒读的线程）
    static final int PROPAGATE = -3;
    
 	// 当前节点保存的线程对应的等待状态
    volatile int waitStatus;
	//前一个节点
    volatile Node prev;
	//后一个节点
    volatile Node next;
	//当前节点对应的线程
    volatile Thread thread;
    
    // 下一个等待在条件上的节点（Condition锁时使用）
    Node nextWaiter;

    //是否是共享模式
    final boolean isShared() {
        return nextWaiter == SHARED;
    }

    //获取前一个节点
    final Node predecessor() {
        Node p = prev;
        if (p == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        else
            return p;
    }

    //节点无参构造
     Node() {    // Used to establish initial head or SHARED marker
     }

    Node(Thread thread, Node mode) {     // Used by addWaiter
        // 把共享模式还是互斥模式存储到nextWaiter这个字段里面了
        this.nextWaiter = mode;
        this.thread = thread;
    }

    Node(Thread thread, int waitStatus) { // Used by Condition
        this.waitStatus = waitStatus;
        this.thread = thread;
    }

典型的双链表结构，节点中保存着当前线程、前一个节点、后一个节点以及线程的状态等信息。

主要属性

// 队列的头节点
private transient volatile Node head;
private transient volatile Node tail;

/**
 * The synchronization state.
 */
private volatile int state;

定义了一个状态变量和一个队列，状态变量用来控制加锁解锁，队列用来放置等待的线程。

头尾节点和同步状态用volatile修饰保证其写操作对其他线程的可见性。

// 获取Unsafe类的实例
private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
//各种属性的偏移量，用于CAS
private static final long stateOffset;
private static final long headOffset;
private static final long tailOffset;
private static final long waitStatusOffset;
private static final long nextOffset;

static {
    try {
        //初始化各种属性的偏移量
        stateOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
            (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("state"));
        headOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
            (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("head"));
        tailOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
            (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("tail"));
        waitStatusOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
            (Node.class.getDeclaredField("waitStatus"));
        nextOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
            (Node.class.getDeclaredField("next"));

    } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
}

/**
 * CAS head field. Used only by enq.
 */
// 调用Unsafe的方法原子更新head
private final boolean compareAndSetHead(Node update) {
    return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, headOffset, null, update);
}

/**
 * CAS tail field. Used only by enq.
 */
private final boolean compareAndSetTail(Node expect, Node update) {
    return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, tailOffset, expect, update);
}

/**
 * CAS waitStatus field of a node.
 */
private static final boolean compareAndSetWaitStatus(Node node,
                                                     int expect,
                                                     int update) {
    return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(node, waitStatusOffset,
                                    expect, update);
}

/**
 * CAS next field of a node.
 */
private static final boolean compareAndSetNext(Node node,
                                               Node expect,
                                               Node update) {
    return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(node, nextOffset, expect, update);
}

子类需要重写的方法

// 互斥模式下使用：尝试获取锁
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
// 互斥模式下使用：尝试释放锁
protected boolean tryRelease(int arg) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
// 共享模式下使用：尝试获取锁
protected int tryAcquireShared(int arg) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
// 共享模式下使用：尝试释放锁
protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int arg) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
// 如果当前线程独占着锁，返回true
protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}

源码中给出的一个示例如何自定义Lock

class Mutex implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {

    // Our internal helper class
    private static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        // Reports whether in locked state
        protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
            return getState() == 1;
        }

        // Acquires the lock if state is zero
        public boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            assert acquires == 1; // Otherwise unused
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        // Releases the lock by setting state to zero
        protected boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            assert releases == 1; // Otherwise unused
            if (getState() == 0) throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            setState(0);
            return true;
        }

        // Provides a Condition
        Condition newCondition() {
            return new ConditionObject();
        }

        // Deserializes properly
        private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)
                throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
            s.defaultReadObject();
            setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
        }
    }

    // The sync object does all the hard work. We just forward to it.
    private final Sync sync = new Sync();

    public void lock() {
        sync.acquire(1);
    }

    public boolean tryLock() {
        return sync.tryAcquire(1);
    }

    public void unlock() {
        sync.release(1);
    }

    public Condition newCondition() {
        return sync.newCondition();
    }

    public boolean isLocked() {
        return sync.isHeldExclusively();
    }

    public boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.hasQueuedThreads();
    }

    public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
    }

    public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException {
        return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }
}