JDBC---DAO经典模式 实现对数据库的增、删、改、查

JDBC（Java Data Base Connection）的作用是连接数据库

 

先看下jdbc连接SQLServer数据库的简单例子

代码实现（FirstJDBC)：

 

package com.jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;


public class FirstJDBC {
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		//调用连接数据库的操作
		Connection con = createConnection();	
		
				
	}
    
	/**
	 * JDBC 建立 SQL Server数据库连接
	 */
	private static Connection createConnection() {
		
		//定义加载驱动程序
		String driverName = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver";
	    
		//定义 连接 服务器 和 数据库sample
		String dbURL = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433; DataBaseName = sample1" ;
	
		//默认用户名，不要用windows默认身份验证
		String userName = "sa" ; 
		String userPassword = "zhichao" ;
		Connection connection = null ;
		Statement sta = null ;
		
		try {
			//正式加载驱动
			Class.forName(driverName);
			//开始连接
			connection = DriverManager.getConnection(dbURL, userName, userPassword);
			System.out.println("Connection Success !");
			
			//向数据库中执行SQL语句
			sta = connection.createStatement() ;
			ResultSet rs = sta.executeQuery("SELECT id,name,height From Table_1");
			while(rs.next())
			{
				int id = rs.getInt("id");
				String name = rs.getString("name");
				float height = rs.getFloat("height");
				
				System.out.println("id = "+id+" name = "+name+" height = "+height);
			}
		
		} catch (Exception e) {
			
			System.out.println("Connection Fail !");
			e.printStackTrace() ;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 关闭数据库
		 * @param connection
		 */
		finally
		{
			try {
				
				if (null != sta)
				{
					sta.close() ;
					sta = null;
					System.out.println("Statement 关闭成功");
				}
				
				if (null != connection)
				{
					connection.close() ;
					connection = null;
					System.out.println("Connection 关闭成功");
				}
				
			} catch (Exception e) {
				
				e.printStackTrace() ;
			}		
			
		}		
		return connection ;
	}
}

 

小结：

    要写一个jdbc程序，先要加载相应数据库的驱动程序，驱动程序最好放在你建的工程里面，可以在你的工程下面建一个 lib文件夹以存储外部的jar文件，这样的话把你的工程拷贝到别的计算机运行，仍能成功执行。

 

jdbc代码一般步骤：

1）加载外部驱动程序（jar包）

2）正式加载驱动程序 （Class.forName(driverName) ）

3）获取connection连接 （在jdk中的sql包中，只提供了一个类那就是DriverManeger,通过调用它的静态方法getConnection(),可以得到以数据库的连接

4）创建sql语句的声明（Statement），执行sql语句（查询），遍历结果集

5）关闭数据库连接（一般用finally{}来处理，或者调用方法的形式来完成，关闭之前先判断你要关闭的对象连接是否为空，如果空那会抛异常，所以先判断）

 

------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------------Data Access Objects-------------------- ------------------------------------------- ---------------------------

使用 DAO模式 来对数据库做增删改查操作

这种模式可以大概分为三个层：1.DAO层  2.服务层  3.表现层

1）表现层 ：相当于客户端用来查看，提交信息的角色

2）服务层 ：是表现层和DAO层的纽带，其实也没干什么事就是通知消息的角色

3）DAO   ：真正要做事的角色（对数据库的某些操作）

 

举个生活中的例子：

就好比你去餐厅吃饭，你充当一个 （表现层）的角色，然后有美女服务员（服务层），问你需要吃什么东西，给你下一张订单，让你填。之后服务员把订单传到 厨师（DAO层）那里，具体操作厨师会搞定，一段时间后厨师把做好的食物传给服务员，服务员把食物在传给客户，这些操作就算基本完成了。

 

执行顺序： 表现层-->服务层-->DAO层-->返回服务层-->返回表现层

 

来看看实现DAO模式的UML图：

代码实现：

1.Bean文件，在这主要作用(有点像中介存储的角色)：当从数据库拿出数据后，一个个set到该类里，进行赋值，然后把该对象放到集合中，之后再get出来

 

Student.java

package com.myjdbc.bean;

public class Student {
	
	private Integer stuId;
	private String stuName ;
	private Integer stuAge;
	private String stuTel ;
	private String stuAddress ;
	private Integer groupId;
	
	public Integer getStuId() {
		return stuId;
	}
	public void setStuId(Integer stuId) {
		this.stuId = stuId;
	}
	public String getStuName() {
		return stuName;
	}
	public void setStuName(String stuName) {
		this.stuName = stuName;
	}
	public Integer getStuAge() {
		return stuAge;
	}
	public void setStuAge(Integer stuAge) {
		this.stuAge = stuAge;
	}
	public String getStuTel() {
		return stuTel;
	}
	public void setStuTel(String stuTel) {
		this.stuTel = stuTel;
	}
	public String getStuAddress() {
		return stuAddress;
	}
	public void setStuAddress(String stuAddress) {
		this.stuAddress = stuAddress;
	}
	public Integer getGroupId() {
		return groupId;
	}
	public void setGroupId(Integer groupId) {
		this.groupId = groupId;
	}
		
}

2.java连接数据库的基本操作及关闭，封装在一个类中

 

JDBCUtils.java

package com.myjdbc.utils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class JDBCUtils {
	/**
	 * 获取连接
	 * 
	 */
	public static Connection getConnection()
	{
		String driverName = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver";

		String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433; DataBaseName = studentManager";
		String user = "sa" ;
		String password = "zhichao";
		Connection con = null ;
		try {
			
			Class.forName(driverName);
			con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
			System.out.println("success");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		return con ;
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 关闭连接
	 */
	public static void free(ResultSet rs, Statement sta , Connection con)
	{
		try {
			if(null != rs)
			{
				rs.close();
				rs = null ;
			}
			
			if(null != sta)
			{
				sta.close();
				sta = null ;
			}
			
			if(null != con)
			{
				con.close();
				con = null ;
			}
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

 

3.定义一个DAO接口

 

StudentDAO.java

package com.myjdbc.dao;

import java.util.Set;

import com.myjdbc.bean.Student ;

public interface StudentDAO {
	
	public int addStudent(Student student) ;
	
	public int deleteStudent(String name);
	
	public int updateStudent(String name);
	
	public Student findStudent(String name);
	
	public Set<Student> findAll();

	
	
	
	

}

4.实现DAO接口的类，具体DAO,做重要工作的类

ConcreteStudentDao.java

package com.myjdbc.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import com.myjdbc.bean.Student;
import com.myjdbc.dao.StudentDAO;
import com.myjdbc.utils.JDBCUtils;

public class ConcreteStudentDao implements StudentDAO{
	
	//增加一个学生
    public int addStudent(Student student)
    {
    	Connection con = null ;
    	PreparedStatement ps = null ;
    	int i = 0 ;
    	try
    	{
    	    con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
    	    String sql = "insert into student(stuName,stuAge,stuTel,stuAddress,groupId) values(?,?,?,?,?)";
    	    ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
    	    
    	    ps.setString(1, student.getStuName());
    	    ps.setInt(2, student.getStuAge());
    	    ps.setString(3, student.getStuTel());
    	    ps.setString(4, student.getStuAddress());
    	    ps.setInt(5, student.getGroupId());
    	    
    	    i = ps.executeUpdate() ;
    	    
    	}
    	catch(SQLException e)
    	{
    		throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
    	}
    	finally
    	{
    		JDBCUtils.free(null, ps, con);
    	}
    	return i;
    }
	
    //删除一个学生
	public int deleteStudent(String name)
	{
		Connection con = null ;
    	PreparedStatement ps = null ;
    	int i = 0 ;
    	try
    	{
    	    con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
    	    String sql = "delete from student where stuName =?";
    	    ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
    	    ps.setString(1, name);
    	    
    	    i = ps.executeUpdate() ;
    	    
    	}
    	catch(SQLException e)
    	{
    		throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
    	}
    	finally
    	{
    		JDBCUtils.free(null, ps, con);
    	}
	    	
		return i;
	}
	
	//修改一个学生
	public int updateStudent(String name)
	{
		Connection con = null ;
    	PreparedStatement ps = null ;
    	int i = 0 ;
    	try
    	{
    	    con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
    	    String sql = "update student set stuAge=stuAge+1  where stuName =?";
    	    ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
    	    ps.setString(1, name);
    	    
    	    i = ps.executeUpdate() ;
    	    
    	}
    	catch(SQLException e)
    	{
    		throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
    	}
    	finally
    	{
    		JDBCUtils.free(null, ps, con);
    	}
		
		return i;
	}
	//查询一行
	public Student findStudent(String name)
	{
		Connection con = null ;
    	PreparedStatement ps = null ;
    	Student stu = null ;
    	ResultSet rs = null;
    	try
    	{
    	    con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
    	    String sql = "select stuName,stuAge,stuTel,stuAddress,groupId from student where stuName =?";
    	    ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
    	    ps.setString(1, name);
    	    
    	    rs = ps.executeQuery() ;
    	    stu = new Student();
    	    while(rs.next())
    	    {
    	    	stu.setStuName(rs.getString(1));
    	    	stu.setStuAge(rs.getInt(2));
    	    	stu.setStuTel(rs.getString(3));
    	    	stu.setStuAddress(rs.getString(4));
    	    	stu.setGroupId(rs.getInt(5));
    	    }
    	    
    	}
    	catch(SQLException e)
    	{
    		throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
    	}
    	finally
    	{
    		JDBCUtils.free(rs, ps, con);
    	}
		
		return stu;
	}
	
	//查询所有
	public Set<Student> findAll()
	{
		Connection con = null ;
    	PreparedStatement ps = null ;
    	Student stu = null ;
    	ResultSet rs = null;
    	Set<Student> set = null ;
    	try
    	{
    	    con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
    	    String sql = "select stuName,stuAge,stuTel,stuAddress,groupId from student";
    	    ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
    	    
    	    set = new HashSet<Student>() ;
    	    rs = ps.executeQuery() ;
    	    
    	    while(rs.next())
    	    {
    	    	stu = new Student();
    	    	
    	    	stu.setStuName(rs.getString(1));
    	    	stu.setStuAge(rs.getInt(2));
    	    	stu.setStuTel(rs.getString(3));
    	    	stu.setStuAddress(rs.getString(4));
    	    	stu.setGroupId(rs.getInt(5));
    	    	
    	    	set.add(stu);
    	    }
    	    
    	}
    	catch(SQLException e)
    	{
    		throw new DAOException(e.getMessage(),e);
    	}
    	finally
    	{
    		JDBCUtils.free(rs, ps, con);
    	}
		
		return set;
	}
       
}

5.自定义异常 继承了运行时异常，具体操作让父类实现

 

DAOException.java

package com.myjdbc.dao;

/**
 * 自定义异常
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class DAOException extends RuntimeException {
	
	
	public DAOException()
	{
		super();
	}
	
	public DAOException(String messege,Throwable cause)
	{
		super(messege,cause);
	}
	
	public DAOException(String messege)
	{
		super(messege);
	}
	
	public DAOException(Throwable cause)
	{
		super(cause);
	}
	
	

}

 

6定义一个服务类（服务层），本来还要定义一个接口，这里简写了，客户与DAO的纽带，持有DAO对象的引用

 

StudentService.java

package com.myjdbc.service;

import java.util.Set;

import com.myjdbc.bean.Student;
import com.myjdbc.dao.StudentDAO;
import com.myjdbc.dao.ConcreteStudentDao;

public class StudentService {
	
	StudentDAO sd = new ConcreteStudentDao();
	
	public int add(Student student)
	{
		return this.sd.addStudent(student);
	}
	
	public int delete(String name)
	{
		return this.sd.deleteStudent(name);
	}
	
	public int update(String name)
	{
		return this.sd.updateStudent(name);
	}
	
	public Student find(String name)
	{
		return this.sd.findStudent(name);
	}
	
	public Set<Student> findAll()
	{
		return this.sd.findAll();
	}

}

7.定义一个测试类，相当于 （表现层）

 

Client.java

package com.myjdbc.test;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

import com.myjdbc.bean.Student;
import com.myjdbc.service.StudentService;

public class Client {
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
	   Student stu = new Student();
	   Set<Student> set = new HashSet<Student>();
//	   stu.setStuName("zhangsan");
//	   stu.setStuAge(20);
//	   stu.setStuTel("18779157911");
//	   stu.setStuAddress("china");
//	   stu.setGroupId(1);
	   StudentService ss = new StudentService();
	   //System.out.println(ss.add(stu));
	   //System.out.println(ss.delete("aa"));
	   //System.out.println(ss.update("bb"));
	   //stu = ss.find("cc");
	   //System.out.println(stu.getStuName() +" " +stu.getStuAge()+" "+stu.getStuTel()+" "+stu.getStuAddress()+" "+stu.getGroupId());
	   set = ss.findAll() ;
	   Iterator<Student> iterator = set.iterator();
	   while(iterator.hasNext())
	   {
		  Student student =  (Student)iterator.next() ;
		  System.out.println(student.getStuName() +" " +student.getStuAge()+" "+student.getStuTel()+" "+student.getStuAddress()+" "+student.getGroupId());
	   }
   }
}