按钮

似乎程序员和用户都比较喜欢按钮进行接口交互.似乎WINDOWS也热衷于此,所以自打WINDOWS图形界面产生那天以来,按钮类型好像多于其他任何子控件.
按钮的控件风格真多,在DELPHI表现的就有,Button,CheckBox,RadioBox,BitBtn等.
WINDOWS定义了十二种类型风格的按钮:
#define MAX_BTN_TYPE  12
static const WORD maxCheckState[MAX_BTN_TYPE] =
{
    BUTTON_UNCHECKED,   /* BS_PUSHBUTTON */      
    BUTTON_UNCHECKED,   /* BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON */
    BUTTON_CHECKED,     /* BS_CHECKBOX */
    BUTTON_CHECKED,     /* BS_AUTOCHECKBOX */
    BUTTON_CHECKED,     /* BS_RADIOBUTTON */
    BUTTON_3STATE,      /* BS_3STATE */
    BUTTON_3STATE,      /* BS_AUTO3STATE */
    BUTTON_UNCHECKED,   /* BS_GROUPBOX */
    BUTTON_UNCHECKED,   /* BS_USERBUTTON */
    BUTTON_CHECKED,     /* BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON */
    BUTTON_UNCHECKED,   /* Not defined */          //除开这种共有十一种风格
    BUTTON_UNCHECKED    /* BS_OWNERDRAW */
};

按钮类信息:
/*********************************************************************
 * button class descriptor
 */
static const WCHAR buttonW[] = {'B','u','t','t','o','n',0};
const struct builtin_class_descr BUTTON_builtin_class =
{
    buttonW,             /* name */
    CS_DBLCLKS | CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW | CS_PARENTDC, /* style  */ 类风格
    ButtonWndProcA,      /* procA */
    ButtonWndProcW,      /* procW */
    NB_EXTRA_BYTES,      /* extra */     //窗口扩展数据
    IDC_ARROW,           /* cursor */
    0                    /* brush */
};

因为按钮风格共有十一种,但因为他毕竟是单窗口控件,所以应该还是较简单的一控件,理解他的关键是很多细节,比如什么时候SetCapture,他的窗口过程函数也是主要放在各种风格的处理,下面看下他的窗口过程.

static LRESULT ButtonWndProc_common(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg,
                                    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam, BOOL unicode )
{
    RECT rect;
    POINT pt;
    LONG style = GetWindowLongPtrW( hWnd, GWL_STYLE );
    UINT btn_type = get_button_type( style );
    LONG state;
    HANDLE oldHbitmap;

    pt.x = (short)LOWORD(lParam);
    pt.y = (short)HIWORD(lParam);

    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_GETDLGCODE:        //控件控制代码
        switch(btn_type)
        {
        case BS_USERBUTTON:
        case BS_PUSHBUTTON:      return DLGC_BUTTON | DLGC_UNDEFPUSHBUTTON;
        case BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON:   return DLGC_BUTTON | DLGC_DEFPUSHBUTTON;
        case BS_RADIOBUTTON:
        case BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON: return DLGC_BUTTON | DLGC_RADIOBUTTON;
        case BS_GROUPBOX:        return DLGC_STATIC;
        default:                 return DLGC_BUTTON;
        }

    case WM_ENABLE:              //激活
        paint_button( hWnd, btn_type, ODA_DRAWENTIRE );
        break;

    case WM_CREATE:       //初始化
        if (!hbitmapCheckBoxes)       
        {
            BITMAP bmp;
            hbitmapCheckBoxes = LoadBitmapW(0, MAKEINTRESOURCEW(OBM_CHECKBOXES));
            GetObjectW( hbitmapCheckBoxes, sizeof(bmp), &bmp );
            checkBoxWidth  = bmp.bmWidth / 4;
            checkBoxHeight = bmp.bmHeight / 3;
        }
        if (btn_type >= MAX_BTN_TYPE)
            return -1; /* abort */
        set_button_state( hWnd, BUTTON_UNCHECKED );    //设置按钮的状态,未选中
        button_update_uistate( hWnd, unicode );
        return 0;

    case WM_ERASEBKGND:       
        if (btn_type == BS_OWNERDRAW)      //如果是自画方式的话才会调用FillRect擦除背景
        {
            HDC hdc = (HDC)wParam;
            RECT rc;
            HBRUSH hBrush;
            HWND parent = GetParent(hWnd);
            if (!parent) parent = hWnd;
            hBrush = (HBRUSH)SendMessageW(parent, WM_CTLCOLORBTN, (WPARAM)hdc, (LPARAM)hWnd);
            if (!hBrush) /* did the app forget to call defwindowproc ? */
                hBrush = (HBRUSH)DefWindowProcW(parent, WM_CTLCOLORBTN,
                                                (WPARAM)hdc, (LPARAM)hWnd);
            GetClientRect(hWnd, &rc);
            FillRect(hdc, &rc, hBrush);
        }
        return 1;

    case WM_PRINTCLIENT:
    case WM_PAINT:
        if (btnPaintFunc[btn_type])
        {
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            HDC hdc = wParam ? (HDC)wParam : BeginPaint( hWnd, &ps );
            int nOldMode = SetBkMode( hdc, OPAQUE );          //强制设置不透明
            (btnPaintFunc[btn_type])( hWnd, hdc, ODA_DRAWENTIRE );
            SetBkMode(hdc, nOldMode); /*  reset painting mode */
            if( !wParam ) EndPaint( hWnd, &ps );
        }
        break;

    case WM_KEYDOWN:
    if (wParam == VK_SPACE)
    {
        SendMessageW( hWnd, BM_SETSTATE, TRUE, 0 );
            set_button_state( hWnd, get_button_state( hWnd ) | BUTTON_BTNPRESSED );
            SetCapture( hWnd );        //可以看到KEYDOWN,当前还是拥有鼠标
    }
    break;

    case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
        if(style & BS_NOTIFY ||
           btn_type == BS_RADIOBUTTON ||
           btn_type == BS_USERBUTTON ||
           btn_type == BS_OWNERDRAW)
        {
            BUTTON_NOTIFY_PARENT(hWnd, BN_DOUBLECLICKED);            //双击通知父窗体
            break;
        }
        /* fall through */
    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
        SetCapture( hWnd );                //拥有鼠标
        SetFocus( hWnd );
        set_button_state( hWnd, get_button_state( hWnd ) | BUTTON_BTNPRESSED );     //设置按下状态
        SendMessageW( hWnd, BM_SETSTATE, TRUE, 0 );
        break;

    case WM_KEYUP:
    if (wParam != VK_SPACE)
        break;
    /* fall through */
    case WM_LBUTTONUP:
        state = get_button_state( hWnd );
        if (!(state & BUTTON_BTNPRESSED)) break;
        state &= BUTTON_NSTATES;
        set_button_state( hWnd, state );
        if (!(state & BUTTON_HIGHLIGHTED))
        {
            ReleaseCapture();   
            break;
        }
        SendMessageW( hWnd, BM_SETSTATE, FALSE, 0 );
        ReleaseCapture();  //释放鼠标
        GetClientRect( hWnd, &rect );
    if (uMsg == WM_KEYUP || PtInRect( &rect, pt ))
        {
            state = get_button_state( hWnd );
            switch(btn_type)
            {
            case BS_AUTOCHECKBOX:
                SendMessageW( hWnd, BM_SETCHECK, !(state & BUTTON_CHECKED), 0 );
                break;
            case BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON:
                SendMessageW( hWnd, BM_SETCHECK, TRUE, 0 );
                break;
            case BS_AUTO3STATE:
                SendMessageW( hWnd, BM_SETCHECK,
                                (state & BUTTON_3STATE) ? 0 : ((state & 3) + 1), 0 );
                break;
            }
            BUTTON_NOTIFY_PARENT(hWnd, BN_CLICKED);          //鼠标弹起,也会通知父窗体
        }
        break;

    case WM_CAPTURECHANGED:
        TRACE("WM_CAPTURECHANGED %p\n", hWnd);
        state = get_button_state( hWnd );
        if (state & BUTTON_BTNPRESSED)
        {
            state &= BUTTON_NSTATES;
            set_button_state( hWnd, state );
            if (state & BUTTON_HIGHLIGHTED) SendMessageW( hWnd, BM_SETSTATE, FALSE, 0 );
        }
        break;

    case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
        if ((wParam & MK_LBUTTON) && GetCapture() == hWnd)
        {
            GetClientRect( hWnd, &rect );
            SendMessageW( hWnd, BM_SETSTATE, PtInRect(&rect, pt), 0 );
        }
        break;

    case WM_SETTEXT:
    {
        /* Clear an old text here as Windows does */
        HDC hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
        HBRUSH hbrush;
        RECT client, rc;
        HWND parent = GetParent(hWnd);

        if (!parent) parent = hWnd;
        hbrush = (HBRUSH)SendMessageW(parent, WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC,
                      (WPARAM)hdc, (LPARAM)hWnd);
        if (!hbrush) /* did the app forget to call DefWindowProc ? */
            hbrush = (HBRUSH)DefWindowProcW(parent, WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC,
                        (WPARAM)hdc, (LPARAM)hWnd);

        GetClientRect(hWnd, &client);
        rc = client;
        BUTTON_CalcLabelRect(hWnd, hdc, &rc);
        /* Clip by client rect bounds */
        if (rc.right > client.right) rc.right = client.right;
        if (rc.bottom > client.bottom) rc.bottom = client.bottom;
        FillRect(hdc, &rc, hbrush);
        ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);

        if (unicode) DefWindowProcW( hWnd, WM_SETTEXT, wParam, lParam );
        else DefWindowProcA( hWnd, WM_SETTEXT, wParam, lParam );
        if (btn_type == BS_GROUPBOX) /* Yes, only for BS_GROUPBOX */
            InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, TRUE );
        else
            paint_button( hWnd, btn_type, ODA_DRAWENTIRE );
        return 1; /* success. FIXME: check text length */
    }

    case WM_SETFONT:
        set_button_font( hWnd, (HFONT)wParam );
        if (lParam) InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, TRUE);
        break;

    case WM_GETFONT:
        return (LRESULT)get_button_font( hWnd );

    case WM_SETFOCUS:
        TRACE("WM_SETFOCUS %p\n",hWnd);
        set_button_state( hWnd, get_button_state(hWnd) | BUTTON_HASFOCUS );
        paint_button( hWnd, btn_type, ODA_FOCUS );
        if (style & BS_NOTIFY)
            BUTTON_NOTIFY_PARENT(hWnd, BN_SETFOCUS);
        break;

    case WM_KILLFOCUS:
        TRACE("WM_KILLFOCUS %p\n",hWnd);
        state = get_button_state( hWnd );
        set_button_state( hWnd, state & ~BUTTON_HASFOCUS );
    paint_button( hWnd, btn_type, ODA_FOCUS );

        if ((state & BUTTON_BTNPRESSED) && GetCapture() == hWnd)
            ReleaseCapture();
        if (style & BS_NOTIFY)
            BUTTON_NOTIFY_PARENT(hWnd, BN_KILLFOCUS);

        break;

    case WM_SYSCOLORCHANGE:
        InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, FALSE );  //改变系统颜色时重画
        break;

    case BM_SETSTYLE:                 //动态设置按钮风格
        if ((wParam & 0x0f) >= MAX_BTN_TYPE) break;
        btn_type = wParam & 0x0f;
        style = (style & ~0x0f) | btn_type;
        SetWindowLongPtrW( hWnd, GWL_STYLE, style );

        /* Only redraw if lParam flag is set.*/
        if (lParam)
           paint_button( hWnd, btn_type, ODA_DRAWENTIRE );

        break;

    //以下是按钮私有消息了
    case BM_CLICK:         //单击
    SendMessageW( hWnd, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, 0, 0 );    //简单发送一个鼠标按下和弹起消息
    SendMessageW( hWnd, WM_LBUTTONUP, 0, 0 );
    break;

    case BM_SETIMAGE:   
        /* Check that image format matches button style */
        switch (style & (BS_BITMAP|BS_ICON))   //设置图像,只有BS_BITMAP|BS_ICON风格才有效
        {
        case BS_BITMAP:
            if (wParam != IMAGE_BITMAP) return 0;
            break;
        case BS_ICON:
            if (wParam != IMAGE_ICON) return 0;
            break;
        default:
            return 0;
        }
        oldHbitmap = (HBITMAP)SetWindowLongPtrW( hWnd, HIMAGE_GWL_OFFSET, lParam );
    InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, FALSE );
    return (LRESULT)oldHbitmap;

    case BM_GETIMAGE:
        return GetWindowLongPtrW( hWnd, HIMAGE_GWL_OFFSET );

    case BM_GETCHECK:                //是否选中
        return get_button_state( hWnd ) & 3;

    case BM_SETCHECK:              //选中
        if (wParam > maxCheckState[btn_type]) wParam = maxCheckState[btn_type];
        state = get_button_state( hWnd );
        if ((btn_type == BS_RADIOBUTTON) || (btn_type == BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON))
        {
            if (wParam) style |= WS_TABSTOP;
            else style &= ~WS_TABSTOP;
            SetWindowLongPtrW( hWnd, GWL_STYLE, style );
        }
        if ((state & 3) != wParam)
        {
            set_button_state( hWnd, (state & ~3) | wParam );
            paint_button( hWnd, btn_type, ODA_SELECT );
        }
        if ((btn_type == BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON) && (wParam == BUTTON_CHECKED) && (style & WS_CHILD))
            BUTTON_CheckAutoRadioButton( hWnd );
        break;

    case BM_GETSTATE:
        return get_button_state( hWnd );      //取得状态

    case BM_SETSTATE:
        state = get_button_state( hWnd );
        if (wParam)
        {
            if (state & BUTTON_HIGHLIGHTED) break;
            set_button_state( hWnd, state | BUTTON_HIGHLIGHTED );
        }
        else
        {
            if (!(state & BUTTON_HIGHLIGHTED)) break;
            set_button_state( hWnd, state & ~BUTTON_HIGHLIGHTED );
        }
        paint_button( hWnd, btn_type, ODA_SELECT );
        break;

    case WM_UPDATEUISTATE:       //更新UI
        if (unicode)
            DefWindowProcW(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
        else
            DefWindowProcA(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);

        if (button_update_uistate(hWnd, unicode))
            paint_button( hWnd, btn_type, ODA_DRAWENTIRE );
        break;

    case WM_NCHITTEST:
        if(btn_type == BS_GROUPBOX) return HTTRANSPARENT;
        /* fall through */
    default:
        return unicode ? DefWindowProcW(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam) :
                         DefWindowProcA(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

按钮画图函数:
static const pfPaint btnPaintFunc[MAX_BTN_TYPE] =
{
    PB_Paint,    /* BS_PUSHBUTTON */
    PB_Paint,    /* BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON */
    CB_Paint,    /* BS_CHECKBOX */
    CB_Paint,    /* BS_AUTOCHECKBOX */
    CB_Paint,    /* BS_RADIOBUTTON */
    CB_Paint,    /* BS_3STATE */
    CB_Paint,    /* BS_AUTO3STATE */
    GB_Paint,    /* BS_GROUPBOX */
    UB_Paint,    /* BS_USERBUTTON */
    CB_Paint,    /* BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON */
    NULL,        /* Not defined */
    OB_Paint     /* BS_OWNERDRAW */
};
虽然有十一种风格的画按钮函数,但是很多重叠的,可以看只有三个函数:PB_PAINT,CB_PAINT,GB_PAINT,OB_PAINT
其中PB_PAINT和CB_PAINT都调用了DrawFrameControl( hDC, &rc, DFC_BUTTON, uState )画按钮.

----------Henry 20100712