控制服务
1.用什么控制服务
系统初始化进程可以对服务进行相应的控制
2.当前系统初始化进程是什么
systemd ---> 系统初始化进程
pstree ---> 显示系统中的进程树
3.进程控制命令
ssh --------> sshd
client(客户端口) server(服务端口)
4.systemctl -------->服务控制命令
systemctl status sshd ##查看服务状态,inactive(不可用),active(可用)
systemctl start sshd ##开启服务
systemctl stop sshd ##关闭服务
systemctl restart sshd ##重启服务
systemctl reload sshd ##重新加载服务配置
systemctl enable sshd ##设定服务开机启动
systemctl disable sshd ##设定服务开机不启动
systemctl list-units ##列出已经开启服务当前状态
systemctl list-unit-files ##列出所有服务开机启动的状态 disable,enable,static
systemctl list-dependencies ##列出服务的倚赖
systemctl set-default multi-user.target ##设定系统启动级别为多用户模式(无图形)
systemctl set-default graphical.target ##设定系统启动级别为图形模式
远程连接(需要密码登陆)
ssh 远程链接
ssh 对方用户名@对方主机ip地址 ---> 远程链接虚拟机
1.nm-connection-editor ---> 图形界面更改ip地址
2.ip 地址查看
ip addr show ----> 建议使用
ifconfig ---> 不建议使用
3.连接方式
ssh username@ip 文本模式的连接
ssh -X username@ip 可以在连接成功后打开图形
cheese ---> 连接开启对方电脑的摄像头
注意:第一次连接陌生主机时要建立认证文件;会询问是否建立连接,需要输入yes;下次不再需要
再次连接此主机时,因为已经生成~/.ssh/know_hosts
4.远程复制
scp file username@ip:dir #上传(dir为绝对路径)
scp username@ip:file dir #下载(file为绝对路径)
scp -rp username@ip:dir dir #下载(dir为绝对路径)
远程连接(不需要密码登陆)
ssh的key认证
#client (客户端口)
[root@hao ~]# ssh-keygen ---> 生成密钥的命令
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): #指定保存加密字符的文件
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): ---> 设定密码
Enter same passphrase again: ----> 在此确定设定的密码
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. ---> 私钥
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. ---> 公钥
The key fingerprint is:
e4:94:45:27:62:b9:94:66:42:87:09:6f:2d:67:2d:b4 root@hao
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .o.o=++ . |
| .+=** o |
| +=E.. |
| . B.. |
| S |
| |
| |
| |
| |
+-----------------+
[root@hao ~]# cd /root/.ssh/
[root@hao .ssh]# ls ---> 查看密钥是否生成
id_rsa #(私钥) id_rsa.pub #(公钥) known_hosts
[root@hao .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@172.25.254.113 ---> 将公钥给主机ip为113的root用户,加密root用户
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.113 (172.25.254.113)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 65:4d:ac:8a:c9:58:82:b5:0c:91:c4:ef:a5:e6:f6:65.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes #
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@172.25.254.113's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@172.25.254.113'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@hao .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys #(这个文件出现,表示加密成功) id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
[root@hao .ssh]# scp id_rsa root@172.25.254.213:/root/.ssh/ #分发钥匙,将主机ip为113的私钥分发给ip为213的主机
root@172.25.254.213's password:
id_rsa 100% 1675 1.6KB/s 00:00
#server(服务端口)
[root@yu ~]# cd /root/.ssh/
[root@yu .ssh]# \ls
id_rsa known_hosts
[root@yu .ssh]# ssh root@172.25.254.113 #连接时发现直接登陆不需要输入ip113 root密码
Last login: Wed Oct 3 00:25:55 2018 from 172.25.254.13
[root@hao ~]# logout
Connection to 172.25.254.113 closed.
#修改主机名称更改
[kiosk@foundation13 ~]$ hostnamectl set-hostname hao #更改主机名称为hao
[kiosk@foundation13 ~]$ hostname #查看主机名称