Ethereum中节点之间区块的同步过程(The Process of Synchronization between Nodes in Ethereum)

* 产生同步的条件

在区块的同步过程中，一个节点每次只会与另外其他一个进行同步，并且只有出现以下三种情况之一的时候节点之间才会开启一次同步：

1. 节点N connect一个新节点P，P有更大的总难度值（P节点的区块链长度更长）时，N和P之间开启一次同步
2. 与N已经connect的节点P通告它的total difficult值比N要大，N和P之间开启一次同步
3. N收到一个比当前其区块链上的头结点的total difficulty值更大的区块，并且在N的链中找不到这个接收到的区块的祖先节点

文献原文：

A node will only synchronise with one other node at a time. A node N starts a block synchronisation in the following cases:
1. N starts a connection to a new peer with higher advertised total difficulty(e.g. after joining or rejoining the network).
2. A node advertising a higher total difficulty than N connects to N.
3. N receives a block with higher total difficulty than the head of its current blockchain and is missing some of the block’s ancestors.

* 同步的详细过程

Node N with lower total diffficulty