Docker之基础命令实战

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-24 21:49:02 发布

板凳先生

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-24 21:49:02 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/i15623/article/details/90055510

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Linxu环境安装Docker

(示范环境CentOS 7.6, 为了快速入门所以只介绍其中一种便捷的安装方法)

安装依赖包

yum install -y device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-utils

device-mapper-persistent-data和lvm2是devicemapper存储驱动所需，yum-utils是下面yum-config-manager所需

添加Docker软件源

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装Dcoker

yum install -y docker-ce

启动确认Docker

systemctl start docker

systemctl status docker

设置Dcoker开机自启

systemctl enable docker

查看Docker信息

docker info

配置Docker加速器

Docker Hub提供数以万计的镜像，在国内需配加速器才稳定和速度

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://4a1df5ef.m.daocloud.io

或者加到docker配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json

然后重启docker：systemctl restart docker

[root@localhost ~]# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://4a1df5ef.m.daocloud.io
docker version >= 1.12
{
    "registry-mirrors": ["http://4a1df5ef.m.daocloud.io"],
    "storage-driver": "devicemapper"
}
Success.
You need to restart docker to take effect: sudo systemctl restart docker 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
    "registry-mirrors": ["http://4a1df5ef.m.daocloud.io"],
    "storage-driver": "devicemapper"
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@localhost ~]#

容器管理

Docker生命周期管理命令粗略图

创建容器

docker (container) run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

下面列出部分常用参数（更详细的查看docker run --help）：

参数	说明
-i,--interactive	交互模式
-t,--tty	分配伪终端
-d,--detach	在后台运行容器并打印容器ID，不设置默认false
-e,-env list)	设环境变量
-p,--publish list	将容器的端口发布到主机
-P,--publish-all	将容器所有公开的端口发布到主机随机端口
--name string	分配容器名，可用容器名进行管理
-h,--hostname=""	设容器主机名
-m,--memory bytes	设置容器可用内存上限
--memory-swap bytes	设置容器可用的swap分区内存量("-1"无限制交换)
--memory-swappiness int	设置容器可用的swap分区内存量百分比(0-100, 默认-1)
--oom-kill-disable	禁OOM Killer
-c, --cpu-shares int	CPU份额(相对权重)
--cpus decimal	容器可使用cpu数
--cpuset-cpus string	设容器可用哪些CPU核心(0-3或0,1), 设容器独占CPU
-u,--user string	指定容器用户名或UID(格式:< name\| UID >[:<group\|gid>])
--mount	将文件系统挂载附加到容器
-v,--volume list	绑定挂载卷
--volume-driver string	选择容器的卷驱动
--reatart	容器退出时重启策略，默认no
-w, --workdir string	容器内的工作目录
--net=""	bridge Docker启动后创建docker0网桥，不指定就加入这个网桥 (默认)
	host 共用宿主机网络，不单独分配网络空间
	container:CONTAINER/ID 使用指定容器网络空间
	none 分配一个网络空间，但不配置，内部自带DNS发现，同一网络容器可以相互通信

创建一个Nginx容器在后台运行

docker (container) run -d nginx

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d nginx    #-d 后台运行
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally     #第一次run会先下载到本地
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
743f2d6c1f65: Pull complete 
6bfc4ec4420a: Pull complete 
688a776db95f: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e770165fef9e36b990882a4083d8ccf5e29e469a8609bb6b2e3b47d9510e2c8d
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
727f48e44dabd794d08914fe3e41899923cd1751f53af0327b01b4cfc7b09211
[root@localhost ~]# docker images   #查看本地镜像
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        2 days ago          109MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls   #查看运行中容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
727f48e44dab        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        80/tcp              compassionate_panini
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps     #查看运行中容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
727f48e44dab        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        80/tcp              compassionate_panini

显示运行中的容器

docker ps 或 docker container ls

[root@localhost project]# docker ps
#随机生成的容器ID     基于哪个镜像创建      启动容器时运行的命令       创建时间             运行状态             端口映射             容器名
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
e2420149b614        php:v2              "php-fpm"                About an hour ago   Up About an hour                         lnmp_php
799783479e81        nginx:v1            "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   25 hours ago        Up 24 hours         0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_nginx
9b199a9b5836        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Up 2 days                                centos7
c9cb6d179649        busybox             "sh"                     4 days ago          Up 4 days                                busybox
e89b0a8d88ff        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Up 9 days                                bs2
7832b11a081c        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Up 9 days                                bs1
9e700ee368ca        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx05
85b964626fca        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx04
80a2a5e35751        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx03
9796a2251876        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx01
3172a2e970f1        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               cocky_chaum
[root@localhost project]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
e2420149b614        php:v2              "php-fpm"                About an hour ago   Up About an hour                         lnmp_php
799783479e81        nginx:v1            "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   25 hours ago        Up 24 hours         0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_nginx
9b199a9b5836        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Up 2 days                                centos7
c9cb6d179649        busybox             "sh"                     4 days ago          Up 4 days                                busybox
e89b0a8d88ff        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Up 9 days                                bs2
7832b11a081c        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Up 9 days                                bs1
9e700ee368ca        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx05
85b964626fca        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx04
80a2a5e35751        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx03
9796a2251876        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx01
3172a2e970f1        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               cocky_chaum

显示所有容器，包括未运行的

docker ps -a 或 docker container ls -a

[root@localhost project]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                NAMES
e2420149b614        php:v2              "php-fpm"                About an hour ago   Up About an hour                               lnmp_php
799783479e81        nginx:v1            "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   25 hours ago        Up 24 hours               0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_nginx
9b199a9b5836        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Up 2 days                                      centos7
49e2ca3fa526        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              3 days ago          Exited (137) 2 days ago                        7-base
c9cb6d179649        busybox             "sh"                     4 days ago          Up 4 days                                      busybox
e89b0a8d88ff        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Up 9 days                                      bs2
7832b11a081c        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Up 9 days                                      bs1
9e700ee368ca        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               nginx05
85b964626fca        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               nginx04
80a2a5e35751        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               nginx03
073f8cb49877        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Exited (0) 25 hours ago                        nginx02
0eabd05a20ac        nginx               "nginx02 -p 88:80 ng鈥   9 days ago          Created                   80/tcp               nifty_mendeleev
9796a2251876        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               nginx01
3172a2e970f1        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               cocky_chaum
[root@localhost project]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                NAMES
e2420149b614        php:v2              "php-fpm"                About an hour ago   Up About an hour                               lnmp_php
799783479e81        nginx:v1            "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   25 hours ago        Up 24 hours               0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_nginx
9b199a9b5836        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Up 2 days                                      centos7
49e2ca3fa526        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              3 days ago          Exited (137) 2 days ago                        7-base
c9cb6d179649        busybox             "sh"                     4 days ago          Up 4 days                                      busybox
e89b0a8d88ff        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Up 9 days                                      bs2
7832b11a081c        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Up 9 days                                      bs1
9e700ee368ca        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               nginx05
85b964626fca        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               nginx04
80a2a5e35751        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               nginx03
073f8cb49877        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Exited (0) 25 hours ago                        nginx02
0eabd05a20ac        nginx               "nginx02 -p 88:80 ng鈥   9 days ago          Created                   80/tcp               nifty_mendeleev
9796a2251876        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               nginx01
3172a2e970f1        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                 80/tcp               cocky_chaum

创建一个后台运行的容器，并设容器名/端口映射/主机名/环境变量

docker run -d --name nginx-1 -p 86:80 -h nginx-1 -e test=1234 nginx

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name nginx-1 -p 86:80 -h nginx-1 -e test=1234 nginx   #宿主机的86端口映射到容器的80端口
87510e62003567d3bef26c0ec28fa29ee3f7807930c0b3789058b6ab1a9db3b0
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps     #查看运行中容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
87510e620035        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds        0.0.0.0:86->80/tcp   nginx-1
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx-1 bash     #进入容器并确认设置是否生效
root@nginx-1:/# hostname 
nginx-1
root@nginx-1:/# echo $test
1234
root@nginx-1:/# exit    #退出当前容器
exit
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tlnp    #宿主机可以看到设置容器的端口86
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6607/sshd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6701/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::86                   :::*                    LISTEN      11905/docker-proxy  
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      6607/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      6701/master         
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:86     #在宿主机访问映射的端口看是否生效
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]#

创建一个容器，并限制CPU/内存

docker run -d --name nginx-2 --cpus="0.5" --memory="512M" --oom-kill-disable nginx

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name nginx-2 --cpus="0.5" --memory="512M" --oom-kill-disable nginx  #限制的CPU/内存不能超过宿主机的上限
c974ca01646cc39dafcf8065ad380fd088d75bf800b456a947c1fb1e38a6edda

[root@localhost ~]# docker stats --no-stream nginx-2      #查看容器资源使用及限制
CONTAINER ID        NAME                CPU %               MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %               NET I/O             BLOCK I/O           PIDS
c974ca01646c        nginx-2             0.00%               1.352MiB / 512MiB   0.26%               656B / 0B           6.9MB / 0B          2
[root@localhost ~]#

从宿主机进入运行中的容器

docker exec -it #交互进入容器；exec也可以在宿主机上远程执行运行中容器里命令

docker attach #进入容器，但[Ctrl]+d或exit退出时候容器也会停止

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
8acbd766d3c6        busybox             "sh"                3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            busybox
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it busybox sh
/ # ls
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach busybox
/ # ls
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                           PORTS               NAMES
8acbd766d3c6        busybox             "sh"                     5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 8 seconds ago                             busybox
[root@localhost ~]# docker start busybox
busybox
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec busybox ls /
bin
dev
etc
home
proc
root
sys
tmp
usr
var

宿主机和容器相互拷贝文件

docker cp "宿主机目录或文件" “容器名字或ID”:"容器路径" #从宿主机拷贝到容器

docker cp “容器名字或ID”:"容器路径" "宿主机目录或文件" #从容器拷贝到宿主机

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd --name busybox busybox
ff9766324a82187ebd78b2fc38d2d78311fbb434ffa7d0344c86ced9b43431c1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ff9766324a82        busybox             "sh"                3 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds                            busybox
[root@localhost ~]# touch 123.txt
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp 123.txt busybox:/tmp/
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec busybox ls /tmp/
123.txt
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -d busybox touch /tmp/456.txt
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec busybox ls /tmp/
123.txt
456.txt
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp busybox:/tmp/456.txt .
[root@localhost ~]# ls
123.txt  456.txt  anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir www
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp www busybox:/wwwroot    #拷贝目录到容器并重命名
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec busybox ls /
bin
dev
etc
home
proc
root
sys
tmp
usr
var
wwwroot
[root@localhost ~]#

容器和宿主机共享文件

容器里面的数据随容器删除而删除，要保存/共享数据就挂载文件系统到容器(volume、bind mount、tmpfs mount)

1）volume

多容器间可挂载同样的卷，共享数据

参数	说明
docker volume create	创建卷
docker volume inspect	显示一个或多个卷的详细情况
docker volume ls	列出卷表
docker volume rm	删除一个或多个卷
docker volume prune	删除所有未使用的本地卷

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls   #查看卷
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume create test-vol   #创建卷
test-vol
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls   #查看卷
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               test-vol
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume inspect test-vol  #查看卷详情
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2019-05-15T09:24:37+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": {},
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/test-vol/_data",   #卷的保存路径
        "Name": "test-vol",
        "Options": {},
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd --name busybox-vol -v test-vol:/mnt busybox  #运行一个使用上面卷的容器
5dde5eac0341d90795045907a9fb980a88d97a91da6d8dd3abef70e2a5402d03
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
5dde5eac0341        busybox             "sh"                4 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                            busybox-vol
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -d busybox-vol touch /mnt/test.txt  #在宿主机用exec远程运行容器命令touch创建一个文件
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec busybox-vol ls /mnt/test.txt  #在宿主机用exec远程运行容器命令ls看刚才创建的文件
/mnt/test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/test-vol/_data/  #卷默认存储路径
test.txt
local               test-vol
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd --name busybox01 --mount src=test-vol,dst=/mnt busybox   #除了-v, 还可以用--mount (docker 17CE后才加入的--mount)
fb9e882b99dcda7430fc6f2f28bf93bf32d4f7145e76a0ade807fcdb8c02cf73
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec busybox01 ls /mnt
test.txt
[root@localhost tmp]# docker volume create --driver local --opt type=nfs --opt o=addr=192.168.101.128,rw --opt device=:/mnt vol-nfs   #使用外部存储作为卷
vol-nfs
[root@localhost tmp]# docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               test-vol
local               vol-nfs
[root@localhost tmp]# docker volume inspect vol-nfs
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2019-05-16T09:43:45+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": {},
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/vol-nfs/_data",
        "Name": "vol-nfs",
        "Options": {
            "device": ":/mnt",
            "o": "addr=192.168.101.128,rw",
            "type": "nfs"
        },
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]
[root@localhost tmp]#

2、bind mount

从宿主机共享文件到容器

[root@localhost tmp]# mkdir /tmp/www   #运行前挂载的宿主机目录要建好
[root@localhost tmp]# docker run -d --name nginx-2 -v /tmp/www:/usr/local/nginx/html nginx   #-v 宿主机路径:容器路径。用--mount挂载也OK
d01c794ada8a8b5064c607717df0030497f4f482f204ed736263701d7a2412fd
[root@localhost tmp]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
d01c794ada8a        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds        80/tcp              nginx-2
[root@localhost tmp]# docker inspect nginx-2  #用inpect确认下容器挂载信息
......
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/tmp/www",
                "Destination": "/usr/local/nginx/html",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
......
[root@localhost tmp]# echo > /tmp/www/test.html
[root@localhost tmp]# docker exec nginx-2 ls /usr/local/nginx/html
test.html
[root@localhost tmp]#

3、tmpfs

挂载到内存中，不写入文件系统。适合数据不需要保存，而且提高性能

[root@localhost tmp]# docker volume create --driver local --opt type=tmpfs --opt device=tmpfs  --opt o=size=100m,uid=1000 vol-tmpfs   #大小为100m，uid为1000
vol-tmpfs
[root@localhost tmp]# docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               test-vol
local               vol-nfs
local               vol-tmpfs
[root@localhost tmp]# docker volume inspect vol-tmpfs
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2019-05-16T09:55:20+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": {},
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/vol-tmpfs/_data",
        "Name": "vol-tmpfs",
        "Options": {
            "device": "tmpfs",
            "o": "size=100m,uid=1000",
            "type": "tmpfs"
        },
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]
[root@localhost tmp]#

查看容器日志和进程

[root@localhost tmp]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 86:80 nginx
70b50aab941cd791032ccf30f379e97bc5c8f6341148b96ea59709e3ba7731aa
[root@localhost tmp]# curl -l http://127.0.0.1:86
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost tmp]# docker logs nginx    #查看容器日志
172.17.0.1 - - [16/May/2019:02:36:49 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
[root@localhost tmp]# docker top nginx  #查看容器进程
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                76819               76803               0                   10:36               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
101                 76858               76819               0                   10:36               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
[root@localhost tmp]#

容器网络配置

--net=""	bridge Docker启动后创建docker0网桥，不指定就加入这个网桥 (默认)
	host 共用宿主机网络，不单独分配网络空间
	container:CONTAINER/ID 使用指定容器网络空间
	none 分配一个网络空间，但不配置，内部自带DNS发现，同一网络容器可以相互通信

none,自定义网络

命令	说明
docker network create	创建一个网络空间
docker network ls	查看网络列表
docker network inspect	查看一个或多个网络详情
docker network rm	删除一个或多个网络
docker network prune	删除所有未使用的网络
docker network connect	连接容器网络
docker network disconnect	断开容器网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
828a106004fe        bridge              bridge              local
6b33d0ae2e5d        host                host                local
7360975b9dcb        none                null                local
[root@localhost ~]# docker network create test   #创建一个命名为test的网络
1fed7e2c0662e47989d2c5d1b9bfebf7efe496f09e45fc5ef606a99e0c3e01f1
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
828a106004fe        bridge              bridge              local
6b33d0ae2e5d        host                host                local
7360975b9dcb        none                null                local
1fed7e2c0662        test                bridge              local
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -itd --name busybox1 --net=test busybox
f7a7de3b06dba85ad0aabf0544a4b4877bb21de285d1b6741cd18d6b332ff98b
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -itd --name busybox2 --net=test busybox
3a4a2d6b16b16c0ee92fa063adb60e360416e2e20d6e9b35052a4d5f7a37d055
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
3a4a2d6b16b1        busybox             "sh"                     15 seconds ago      Up 14 seconds                            busybox2
f7a7de3b06db        busybox             "sh"                     21 seconds ago      Up 20 seconds                            busybox1
70b50aab941c        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours          0.0.0.0:86->80/tcp   nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it busybox1 ip a   #查看busybox1的ip
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
74: eth0@if75: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:13:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.19.0.2/16 brd 172.19.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it busybox2 ip a   #查看busybox2的ip
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
76: eth0@if77: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:13:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.19.0.3/16 brd 172.19.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it busybox1 ping 172.19.0.3 -c 2   #测试通过busybox1丢包到busybox2
PING 172.19.0.3 (172.19.0.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.19.0.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.072 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.149 ms

--- 172.19.0.3 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.072/0.110/0.149 ms

从镜像仓库拉取镜像到本地

docker pull nginx

[root@localhost project]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
743f2d6c1f65: Pull complete 
6bfc4ec4420a: Pull complete 
688a776db95f: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0e409e180983aea7972c92b0a8ae538d1d3c802fe3a8f795ad8049951894590a
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest

列出本地镜像

docker images 或 docker image ls

[root@localhost project]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        About an hour ago   527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        2 hours ago         527MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        25 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        45 hours ago        371MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        2 days ago          527MB
nginx               latest              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
busybox             latest              af2f74c517aa        5 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB
[root@localhost project]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        About an hour ago   527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        2 hours ago         527MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        25 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        45 hours ago        371MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        2 days ago          527MB
nginx               latest              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
busybox             latest              af2f74c517aa        5 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB

列出包括中间层镜像的本地镜像

docker image ls -a

注：这里看到的镜像大小不是实际占用磁盘的大小，Docker镜像是多层存储结构，并且可以继承复用的，所以不同镜像可复用相同的基础镜像。下面无标签的镜像是中间层镜像，不能删除，否则会导致引用的镜像因为依赖丢失出错

[root@localhost project]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        About an hour ago   527MB
<none>              <none>              ced621504315        About an hour ago   527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        2 hours ago         527MB
<none>              <none>              d6e0b78cd99f        2 hours ago         527MB
<none>              <none>              a721014faef0        2 hours ago         527MB
<none>              <none>              b43aec20c2ae        2 hours ago         527MB
<none>              <none>              96d124d288ea        2 hours ago         527MB
<none>              <none>              f1746dbc5baa        2 hours ago         404MB
<none>              <none>              cad90b1023e0        2 hours ago         202MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        25 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        45 hours ago        371MB
<none>              <none>              2bf655d88a00        45 hours ago        371MB
<none>              <none>              addff8f76cf9        45 hours ago        371MB
<none>              <none>              371cff142ac2        45 hours ago        371MB
<none>              <none>              d6ee785bb86c        45 hours ago        371MB
<none>              <none>              7f38493054a5        45 hours ago        364MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
<none>              <none>              482b33cdbb22        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        2 days ago          527MB
<none>              <none>              eb355c91c0c3        2 days ago          527MB
<none>              <none>              72362a3403b5        2 days ago          527MB
<none>              <none>              88f5357500e4        2 days ago          527MB
<none>              <none>              c1d4b84ccbc5        2 days ago          527MB
<none>              <none>              04add163a0f6        2 days ago          404MB
<none>              <none>              6a1cc8607179        2 days ago          202MB
nginx               latest              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
busybox             latest              af2f74c517aa        5 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB

查看某个镜像中各层情况

docker history “名字或者ID”

[root@localhost project]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        2 hours ago         527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        2 hours ago         527MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        26 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        46 hours ago        371MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        2 days ago          527MB
nginx               latest              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
busybox             latest              af2f74c517aa        5 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB
[root@localhost project]# docker history nginx
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon鈥  0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM           0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx鈥  0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c set -x  && apt-get update  && apt鈥  54.1MB              
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NJS_VERSION=1.15.12.0鈥  0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.15.12鈥  0B                  
<missing>           6 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do鈥  0B                  
<missing>           6 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B                  
<missing>           6 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:4fc310c0cb879c876鈥  55.3MB              
[root@localhost project]# docker history 27a188018e18
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon鈥  0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM           0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx鈥  0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c set -x  && apt-get update  && apt鈥  54.1MB              
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NJS_VERSION=1.15.12.0鈥  0B                  
<missing>           3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.15.12鈥  0B                  
<missing>           6 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do鈥  0B                  
<missing>           6 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B                  
<missing>           6 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:4fc310c0cb879c876鈥  55.3MB

查看镜像详细情况

docker inspect "name(:tag) | ID" 或 docker image inspect "name(:tag) | ID"

[root@localhost project]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        3 hours ago         527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        3 hours ago         527MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        27 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        46 hours ago        371MB
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        2 days ago          109MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        2 days ago          527MB
nginx               <none>              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
busybox             latest              af2f74c517aa        5 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB
[root@localhost project]# docker inspect nginx:v1
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:aa9d402c7fca8fc81d014c0cffc3d2b7ebd25b772f04dc9384c3b06e96a62904",
        "RepoTags": [
            "nginx:v1"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [],
        "Parent": "sha256:5a078b28d864f2281109d16d69439648982733d0fd9bd5c482ad221cd6f088c8",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2019-05-09T02:42:10.753920783Z",
        "Container": "",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) COPY file:0da0825bc547dd6839d0a1a98c9b77784ef5e76890405da3149009b2c5da4e8b in /usr/local/nginx/conf/ "
            ],
            "ArgsEscaped": true,
            "Image": "sha256:5a078b28d864f2281109d16d69439648982733d0fd9bd5c482ad221cd6f088c8",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/nginx",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20190305",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "DockerVersion": "18.09.5",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "ArgsEscaped": true,
            "Image": "sha256:5a078b28d864f2281109d16d69439648982733d0fd9bd5c482ad221cd6f088c8",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/nginx",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20190305",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 370946800,
        "VirtualSize": 370946800,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "DeviceId": "168",
                "DeviceName": "docker-8:3-16821793-f35c2d0e33f00ff56fb8cab15c0e0c72cb898dfb179558fbaabc753c38c6c50e",
                "DeviceSize": "10737418240"
            },
            "Name": "devicemapper"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:d69483a6face4499acb974449d1303591fcbb5cdce5420f36f8a6607bda11854",
                "sha256:9790e7f584c58ed832d87ab6e4ce7aee9cb9040d94ff954f29d9779547f35a80",
                "sha256:af4f89d1758bb97fc3fc5e86a1bb3bfea2963fd9b4a83e913f4be1b3807fccc9",
                "sha256:cfde45d2e1eb1611e7840943fc263cf631e4ff88727de88ded7725da4a5218eb"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "2019-05-09T10:42:11.172308504+08:00"
        }
    }
]
[root@localhost project]#

删除镜像

docker rmi "name(:tag) | ID" 或 docker image rm "name(:tag) | ID"

注：删除镜像之前需要停止并删除正在运行这个镜像的相关容器

[root@localhost project]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        3 hours ago         527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        3 hours ago         527MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        27 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        46 hours ago        371MB
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        2 days ago          109MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        2 days ago          527MB
nginx               <none>              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
busybox             latest              af2f74c517aa        5 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB
[root@localhost project]# docker rmi busybox
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "busybox" (must force) - container 7832b11a081c is using its referenced image af2f74c517aa
[root@localhost project]# docker stop 7832b11a081c
7832b11a081c
[root@localhost project]# docker rmi busybox
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "busybox" (must force) - container e89b0a8d88ff is using its referenced image af2f74c517aa
[root@localhost project]# docker stop e89b0a8d88ff
e89b0a8d88ff
[root@localhost project]# docker rmi busybox
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "busybox" (must force) - container e89b0a8d88ff is using its referenced image af2f74c517aa
[root@localhost project]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                            PORTS                NAMES
e2420149b614        php:v2              "php-fpm"                3 hours ago         Up 3 hours                                             lnmp_php
799783479e81        nginx:v1            "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   26 hours ago        Up 26 hours                       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_nginx
9b199a9b5836        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Up 2 days                                              centos7
49e2ca3fa526        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              3 days ago          Exited (137) 2 days ago                                7-base
c9cb6d179649        busybox             "sh"                     4 days ago          Up 4 days                                              busybox
e89b0a8d88ff        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Exited (137) 40 seconds ago                            bs2
7832b11a081c        busybox             "sh"                     9 days ago          Exited (137) About a minute ago                        bs1
9e700ee368ca        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                         80/tcp               nginx05
85b964626fca        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                         80/tcp               nginx04
80a2a5e35751        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                         80/tcp               nginx03
073f8cb49877        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Exited (0) 27 hours ago                                nginx02
0eabd05a20ac        27a188018e18        "nginx02 -p 88:80 ng鈥   9 days ago          Created                           80/tcp               nifty_mendeleev
9796a2251876        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                         80/tcp               nginx01
3172a2e970f1        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days                         80/tcp               cocky_chaum
[root@localhost project]# docker rm bs1 bs2
bs1
bs2
[root@localhost project]# docker rmi busybox
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "busybox" (must force) - container c9cb6d179649 is using its referenced image af2f74c517aa
[root@localhost project]# docker stop  c9cb6d179649
c9cb6d179649
[root@localhost project]# docker rmi busybox
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "busybox" (must force) - container c9cb6d179649 is using its referenced image af2f74c517aa
[root@localhost project]# docker rm c9cb6d179649
c9cb6d179649
[root@localhost project]# docker rmi busybox
Untagged: busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox@sha256:f79f7a10302c402c052973e3fa42be0344ae6453245669783a9e16da3d56d5b4
Deleted: sha256:af2f74c517aac1d26793a6ed05ff45b299a037e1a9eefeae5eacda133e70a825
Deleted: sha256:0b97b1c81a3200e9eeb87f17a5d25a50791a16fa08fc41eb94ad15f26516ccea
[root@localhost project]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        3 hours ago         527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        3 hours ago         527MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        27 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        46 hours ago        371MB
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        2 days ago          109MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        2 days ago          527MB
nginx               <none>              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB
[root@localhost project]#

暂停、删除所有运行中的容器，删除本地镜像

docker kill $(docker ps -q) ; docker rm $(docker ps -aq) ; docker rmi $(docker images -qa)

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
f5c1eb77fff1        busybox             "sh"                     About an hour ago   Up About an hour                        buxybox
727f48e44dab        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   2 days ago          Up 2 days           80/tcp              compassionate_panini
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -q
f5c1eb77fff1
727f48e44dab
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill $(docker ps -q)
f5c1eb77fff1
727f48e44dab
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
f5c1eb77fff1        busybox             "sh"                     About an hour ago   Exited (137) 2 minutes ago                       buxybox
727f48e44dab        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   2 days ago          Exited (137) 2 minutes ago                       compassionate_panini
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq
f5c1eb77fff1
727f48e44dab
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
f5c1eb77fff1
727f48e44dab
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              64f5d945efcc        3 days ago          1.2MB
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        4 days ago          109MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -qa
64f5d945efcc
53f3fd8007f7
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi $(docker images -qa)
Untagged: busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox@sha256:4b6ad3a68d34da29bf7c8ccb5d355ba8b4babcad1f99798204e7abb43e54ee3d
Deleted: sha256:64f5d945efcc0f39ab11b3cd4ba403cc9fefe1fa3613123ca016cf3708e8cafb
Deleted: sha256:d1156b98822dccbb924b4e5fe16465a7ecac8bfc81d726177bed403a8e70c972
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:e770165fef9e36b990882a4083d8ccf5e29e469a8609bb6b2e3b47d9510e2c8d
Deleted: sha256:53f3fd8007f76bd23bf663ad5f5009c8941f63828ae458cef584b5f85dc0a7bf
Deleted: sha256:50183b8336fcc9552a55c86895cdfdfb6f1bb349a951da638f22f645ce235926
Deleted: sha256:093a0ead7cedbef266292a1b08e478489ed6584170f0d82127c5ac9a10fd8303
Deleted: sha256:6270adb5794c6987109e54af00ab456977c5d5cc6f1bc52c1ce58d32ec0f15f4
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[root@localhost ~]#

Docker镜像导出导入

导出容器为文件

docker export "name(:tag) | ID" > container.tar

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
68014318583f        busybox             "sh"                     24 minutes ago      Up 24 minutes                            busybox
e2420149b614        php:v2              "php-fpm"                4 hours ago         Up 4 hours                               lnmp_php
799783479e81        nginx:v1            "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   28 hours ago        Up 27 hours         0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_nginx
9b199a9b5836        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Up 2 days                                centos7
9e700ee368ca        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx05
85b964626fca        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx04
80a2a5e35751        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx03
9796a2251876        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx01
3172a2e970f1        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               cocky_chaum
[root@localhost ~]# docker export busybox > busybox.tar
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 1392
-rw-------. 1 root root    1379 Apr 29 18:57 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1420800 May 10 14:50 busybox.tar
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root      33 May  7 09:30 lnmp
[root@localhost ~]# docker export 68014318583f > busybox01.tar
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 2780
-rw-------. 1 root root    1379 Apr 29 18:57 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1420800 May 10 14:53 busybox01.tar
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1420800 May 10 14:50 busybox.tar
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root      33 May  7 09:30 lnmp

用import导入export出来的文件为镜像

docker import "CONTAINER:ID"

docker import - "REPOSITORY:TAG" < container.tar 或 cat container.tar | docker import - "REPOSITORY:TAG" #指定镜像名和标签

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        4 hours ago         527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        4 hours ago         527MB
busybox             latest              64f5d945efcc        10 hours ago        1.2MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        28 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        2 days ago          371MB
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        2 days ago          109MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        3 days ago          527MB
nginx               <none>              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker import busybox.tar 
sha256:0c804436c47a89cff5f836776beb759f3ef6583f49a399e4913508f7c3a3cbd0
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
<none>              <none>              0c804436c47a        10 seconds ago      1.2MB
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        4 hours ago         527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        4 hours ago         527MB
busybox             latest              64f5d945efcc        10 hours ago        1.2MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        28 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        2 days ago          371MB
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        2 days ago          109MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        3 days ago          527MB
nginx               <none>              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker import - busybox:v1 < busybox.tar 
sha256:3a8fed956b0d249f92c6ca18535ac2dd7a1f67b3a289a8aa8536e67b03af9dfe
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             v1                  3a8fed956b0d        3 seconds ago       1.2MB
<none>              <none>              0c804436c47a        2 minutes ago       1.2MB
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        4 hours ago         527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        4 hours ago         527MB
busybox             latest              64f5d945efcc        10 hours ago        1.2MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        28 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        2 days ago          371MB
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        2 days ago          109MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        3 days ago          527MB
nginx               <none>              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB
[root@localhost ~]# ^C
[root@localhost ~]# cat busybox.tar | docker import - busybox:v2
sha256:43298b31d867db420d54dd5f64f5d0c9b7907d3eb6fa3c6e4199cd1d0c42a68b
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             v2                  43298b31d867        6 seconds ago       1.2MB
busybox             v1                  3a8fed956b0d        2 minutes ago       1.2MB
<none>              <none>              0c804436c47a        4 minutes ago       1.2MB
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        4 hours ago         527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        4 hours ago         527MB
busybox             latest              64f5d945efcc        10 hours ago        1.2MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        28 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        2 days ago          371MB
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        2 days ago          109MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        3 days ago          527MB
nginx               <none>              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB

镜像保存加载

docker save “镜像名:标签 | ID” > image.tar #不指定标签就会把相同名字的都保存出来了，看下面例子的images.tar大小

docker load < image.tar 或 docker load --i image.tar

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             v2                  43298b31d867        22 minutes ago      1.2MB
busybox             v1                  3a8fed956b0d        24 minutes ago      1.2MB
<none>              <none>              0c804436c47a        27 minutes ago      1.2MB
php                 v2                  0033622fde2f        5 hours ago         527MB
php-56              v2                  83996a2a5a02        5 hours ago         527MB
busybox             latest              64f5d945efcc        10 hours ago        1.2MB
nginx               v1                  aa9d402c7fca        29 hours ago        371MB
nginx-112           latest              5a078b28d864        2 days ago          371MB
nginx               latest              53f3fd8007f7        2 days ago          109MB
php                 v1                  157ea6156082        2 days ago          527MB
php-56              latest              12d6c7e75b6a        3 days ago          527MB
nginx               <none>              27a188018e18        3 weeks ago         109MB
centos              7                   9f38484d220f        8 weeks ago         202MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker save busybox > image.tar
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 5572
-rw-------. 1 root root    1379 Apr 29 18:57 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1420800 May 10 14:53 busybox01.tar
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1420800 May 10 14:50 busybox.tar
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 2856448 May 10 15:22 image.tar
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root      33 May  7 09:30 lnmp
[root@localhost ~]# docker save busybox:v2 > image.tar
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 4176
-rw-------. 1 root root    1379 Apr 29 18:57 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1420800 May 10 14:53 busybox01.tar
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1420800 May 10 14:50 busybox.tar
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1428992 May 10 15:23 image.tar
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root      33 May  7 09:30 lnmp
[root@localhost ~]# docker load < image.tar 
Loaded image: busybox:v2
[root@localhost ~]# docker load < image.tar 
Loaded image: busybox:v2
[root@localhost ~]# docker save busybox:v1 > image.tar
[root@localhost ~]# docker load < image.tar 
Loaded image: busybox:v1
[root@localhost ~]# docker load -i image.tar 
Loaded image: busybox:v1

注：export导出的镜像会比save保存出来的小，export直接拿容器的，会丢失镜像的历史，也无法回滚之前的镜像层

保存容器为镜像

docker commit "容器ID" "镜像名:ID"

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
68014318583f        busybox             "sh"                     About an hour ago   Up About an hour                         busybox
e2420149b614        php:v2              "php-fpm"                5 hours ago         Up 5 hours                               lnmp_php
799783479e81        nginx:v1            "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   29 hours ago        Up 28 hours         0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_nginx
9b199a9b5836        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              2 days ago          Up 2 days                                centos7
9e700ee368ca        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx05
85b964626fca        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx04
80a2a5e35751        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx03
9796a2251876        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               nginx01
3172a2e970f1        27a188018e18        "nginx -g 'daemon of鈥   9 days ago          Up 9 days           80/tcp               cocky_chaum
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit 68014318583f busybox:v3
sha256:3874ab49e818daea7861d87c76f7c0533ab4b0f4ea3e8ed5c37f7cd447ffa057
[root@localhost ~]# docker images busybox:v3
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             v3                  3874ab49e818        2 minutes ago       1.2MB