【JavaSE】GUI编程1[GUI简介，AWT使用]

@[TOC]GUI编程1

①.GUI简介

• GUI的核心技术： Swing AWT编程，因为界面不美观，运行需要jre环境，所以不太流行
• 但是为什么要学习：
  GUI是MVC的基础
  平时自己可以写一些小工具
  工作的时候可能会有几率维护到swing界面

②.AWT

- AWT简介

• AWT(Abstract Windowing Toolkit-抽象窗口工具)：本质是Java中一系列的类，
  提供了很多的类和接口
• GUI(Graphical User Interface-图形用户接口)

• 元素：窗口、按钮、文本框
• 包名：java.awt
  

- 第一个Frame窗口

- 组件和容器

Frame

第一个Frame窗口

import java.awt.*;

//第一个GUI界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //获得Frame对象
        Frame frame = new Frame("第一个Java图形界面窗口");

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(500,500);
        //设置背景颜色
//        frame.setBackground(Color.blue);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(66, 86, 163));
        //弹出的初识位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);
        //设置大小固定  默认为true 可以改变
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

画出了第一个Frame窗口，但是无法关闭，只能通过结束Java程序运行来结束进程。

创建多个窗口

package com.GUILearn;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.BLUE);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.black);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.gray);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.green);
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id = 1;  //可能存在多个窗口,需要一个计数器

    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("MyFrame" + (++id));
        //可以直接调用父类当中的方法
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setBackground(color);
    }
}

Panel

Panel可以看成一个空间，但是不能够单独的存在

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建Frame窗口
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(234, 220, 96));

        //panel的设置，相对于Frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(241, 104, 104));

        //将Panel添加到Frame当中去
        frame.add(panel);

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听窗口关闭事件System.exit(0)
        //适配器模式 适配器继承了某一个类，不用的方法就可以略过不写
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //点击窗口关闭时要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

布局管理

• 流式布局

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置为流式布局
//        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
//        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        
        frame.setSize(200,200);

        //添加按钮
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

• 东西南北中（相对布局）

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
        Button east = new Button("east");
        Button west = new Button("west");
        Button south = new Button("south");
        Button north = new Button("north");
        Button center = new Button("center");
        //添加按钮
        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(500,500);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

• 表格式布局Grid

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);
        frame.add(button5);
        frame.add(button6);

        frame.pack();   //Java函数自动选择最优布局
        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

作业：写一个下图所示的窗口

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class HomeWork {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("HomeWork");
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));  //两行一列
        //设置Frame大小
        frame.setBounds(200,200,500,320);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //创建面板
        Panel up = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel upCenter = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel down = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel downCenter = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //上半部分
        up.add(new Button("Btn01"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        up.add(new Button("Btn04"),BorderLayout.EAST);

        upCenter.add(new Button("Btn02"));
        upCenter.add(new Button("Btn03"));
        up.add(upCenter,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //下半部分
        down.add(new Button("Btn05"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        down.add(new Button("Btn10"),BorderLayout.EAST);

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            String name = "Btn0" + (i + 6);
            downCenter.add(new Button(name));
        }
        down.add(downCenter,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //将结构Panel放到Frame当中
        frame.add(up);
        frame.add(down);

        //设置点击关闭事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

总结

• Frame：是一个顶级窗口
• Panel：无法单独显示，必须添加到某一个容器中
• 布局管理器：
  1.流式
  2.东西南北中
  3.表格
• 其它属性：大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听

- 事件监听

理解：当某一个事情发生的时候，要做些什么

简单的事件监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestAction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //设置监听，按下按钮时触发某种事件

        Frame frame = new Frame("TestAction");
        Button btn = new Button("Btn1");

        //addActionListener需要一个ActionListener所以需要构造一个ActionListener
        btn.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());

        frame.add(btn,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

        windowClose(frame);
    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("Button has Click!");
    }
}

不同按钮实现同一个监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestAction2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听

        //开始  停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("Action2");
        Button btn1 = new Button("Start");
        Button btn2 = new Button("Stop");

        //可以显示定义触发会返回的信息，如果不定义，则会定义为默认值
        btn2.setActionCommand("Btn2");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        btn1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        btn2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.setSize(500,200);
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        String command = e.getActionCommand();
        //点击按钮1计数输出
        if (command.equals("Start")){
            for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
                System.out.print("\rStart Click" + i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println();
        //点击按钮2，延迟后退出
        }else{
            System.out.println(command + "close");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {
                interruptedException.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}

TextField

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TextTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //main方法中只管启动，尽量少些功能性代码
        new IFrame();
    }
}

class IFrame extends Frame{
    public IFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        //不需要Frame对象，因为这个类直接继承了Frame
        add(textField);

        //监听文本框输入的文字,按下回车触发该事件
        textField.addActionListener(new MyAction());

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('·');

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(500,500,300,200);

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyAction implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField textField = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源，返回一个对象
        String text = textField.getText();   //获得输入框中的文本
        System.out.println(text);
        //激活事件之后，将文本清空
        textField.setText("");
    }
}

简易计算器

OOP：组合大于继承

//继承
class A extends B{

}
//组合,减少耦合性
class A{
	public B b;
}

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//V1.0未优化版本
public class SimpleCalculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
        super("Demo01");
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//最大能够填入的字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//最大能够填入的字符数
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//最大能够填入的字符数
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label(" +");
        //一个按钮
        Button btn = new Button("=");

        btn.addActionListener(new MyActionListenerC(num1,num2,num3));

        //设置布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(btn);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        setResizable(false);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}

//监听器类
class MyActionListenerC implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public MyActionListenerC(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数与被加数
        double add1 = Double.parseDouble(num1.getText());
        double add2 = Double.parseDouble(num2.getText());
        //2.将这个值加法运算后放到num3
        num3.setText("" + (add1 + add2));
        //3.清除前两个num
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
//改造为面向对象之后
public class SimpleCalculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);//最大能够填入的字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);//最大能够填入的字符数
        num3 = new TextField(20);//最大能够填入的字符数
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label(" +");
        //一个按钮
        Button btn = new Button("=");
        btn.addActionListener(new MyActionListenerC(this));

        //设置布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(btn);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        setResizable(false);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
    public Calculator(){
        super("Demo01");
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyActionListenerC implements ActionListener{
    //获取计算器对象,在一个类中组合另一个类
    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyActionListenerC(Calculator calculator) {
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数与被加数
        Double add1 = Double.parseDouble(calculator.num1.getText());
        Double add2 = Double.parseDouble(calculator.num2.getText());
        //2.将这个值加法运算后放到num3
        calculator.num3.setText("" + (add1 + add2));
        //3.清除前两个num
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

内部类：为了更好的包装

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class SimpleCalculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);//最大能够填入的字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);//最大能够填入的字符数
        num3 = new TextField(20);//最大能够填入的字符数
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label(" +");
        //一个按钮
        Button btn = new Button("=");
        btn.addActionListener(new MyActionListenerC());

        //设置布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(btn);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        setResizable(false);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
    public Calculator(){
        super("Demo01");
    }

    //监听内部类，可以畅通无阻的访问外部类的属性与方法
    private class MyActionListenerC implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得加数与被加数
            Double add1 = Double.parseDouble(num1.getText());
            Double add2 = Double.parseDouble(num2.getText());
            //2.将这个值加法运算后放到num3
            num3.setText("" + (add1 + add2));
            //3.清除前两个num
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

Paint

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void loadFrame(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔需要有颜色，画笔可以进行绘画
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);  //空心圆
        g.fillOval(100,200,100,100);  //实心圆
        g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        g.fillRect(200,100,100,100);  //矩形
        
        //养成习惯：画笔画完，将画笔还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

鼠标监听

目的：想要实现鼠标绘画（点击绘画）

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrameM("画图");
    }
}

class MyFrameM extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，并且需要监听鼠标当前的额位置
    private ArrayList points;
    //需要集合来存储这些点

    public MyFrameM(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        setVisible(true);

        //存储鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList();

        //鼠标监听器是针对窗口而言的
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，需要监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }

    //适配器模式，继承该类的适配器实现类
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            //Frame调用的监听，所以source是Frame对象
            MyFrameM frame = (MyFrameM) e.getSource();
            //点击的时候，会在界面上产生一个点
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            Point point = new Point(e.getX(), e.getY());
            //添加一个点到界面上
            points.add(point);

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();
        }
    }
}

#### 窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame{

    public WindowFrame(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(200,200,300,300);
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("Window Has Opened");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("Window Has Closed");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {  //窗口激活
                WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                source.setTitle("Running!");
                System.out.println("Window Has Activated");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
                WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                source.setTitle("Resting!");
                System.out.println("Window Has Deactivated");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {  //窗口关闭
                System.out.println("Has Click X");
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

键盘监听

package com.GUILearn;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

//键盘监听
public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}

class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,300,300);
        setVisible(true);
        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘按下的键值,当前的code值
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                System.out.println(keyCode);
                if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("Has pressed Up Key!");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}