树

1. 二叉树

1.1 遍历二叉树

先序：根左右
中序：左根右
后序：左右根

递归解决：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        inorder(root, res);
        return res;
    }

    public void inorder(TreeNode root, List<Integer> res) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        inorder(root.left, res);
        res.add(root.val);
        inorder(root.right, res);
    }
}

1.2 二叉搜索树

二叉搜索树，又叫做二叉查找树、二叉排序树、BST。
BST或者是一棵空树，或者是具有下列性质的二叉树：若它的左子树不为空，则左子树上所有节点的值均小于它的根节点的值；若它的右子树不为空，则右子树上所有节点的值均大于它的根节点的值；它的左右子树也分别为二叉搜索树。

1.2.1 生成二叉搜索树

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<TreeNode> generateTrees(int n) {
        if (n == 0) {
            return new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
        }
        return generateTrees(1, n);
    }

    public List<TreeNode> generateTrees(int start, int end) {
        List<TreeNode> allTrees = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
        if (start > end) {
            allTrees.add(null);
            return allTrees;
        }

        // 枚举可行根节点
        for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
            // 获得所有可行的左子树集合
            List<TreeNode> leftTrees = generateTrees(start, i - 1);

            // 获得所有可行的右子树集合
            List<TreeNode> rightTrees = generateTrees(i + 1, end);

            // 从左子树集合中选出一棵左子树，从右子树集合中选出一棵右子树，拼接到根节点上
            for (TreeNode left : leftTrees) {
                for (TreeNode right : rightTrees) {
                    TreeNode currTree = new TreeNode(i);
                    currTree.left = left;
                    currTree.right = right;
                    allTrees.add(currTree);
                }
            }
        }
        return allTrees;
    }
}