Linux 管理源文件常用命令 附带常见镜像源

常用镜像源 Sources :

Anaconda | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror
USTC Mirror Help — USTC Mirror Help 文档

Linux 配置源 URL 命令行选项 vs .全局配置

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1、换源

1、备份镜像文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2、编辑镜像源设置文件
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
或者 sudo vim  /etc/apt/sources.list
或者 sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
3、更新软件包列表和升级系统
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2、还原默认源

1、备份原有源文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2、还原默认源
sudo cp /usr/share/doc/apt/examples/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
3、更新软件包列表和升级系统
sudo apt-get update

3、单独配置源下载

1) 临时使用：

pip install --index-url [url] [package_name]

告诉 pip 在此次安装中使用指定的源 URL (例如https://example.com/pypi/simple) 来下载 例如 package_name 软件包。这将覆盖任何全局配置。

URL:

https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple // 清镜源
https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple // 中科源
http://pypi.douban.com/simple/  // 豆瓣源
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ // 阿里云
http://pypi.hustunique.com/  // 华中科大
http://pypi.hustunique.com/ // 山东理工大学
http://mirrors.sohu.com/Python  //搜狐 
https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple    //百度

2) 长期使用特定源的两种方法：

a、全局配置 需要编辑~/.pip/pip.conf 文件并将源 URL 添加到其中。这将更改全局配置，使 pip 在所有命令中使用指定的源

nano ~/.pip/pip.conf

在文件中添加内容：

[global] 
index-url = https://example.com/pypi/simple

更新软件包列表和升级系统

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

b、命令行选项 将 pip 配置为使用指定的镜像源作为默认的软件包索引地址

pip config set global.index-url https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple

4、其他操作

1、查看当前源文件 列表
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
2、编辑源文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
3、添加源文件并保存
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/custom-source.list
4、删除源文件 —— 删除相关源文件来删除不再需要的源
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/custom-source.list
5、更新软件包列表和升级系统

6、搜素可用的软件包
apt-cache search package_name
7、添加密钥：某些软件源可能需要 GPG 密钥来验证软件包的完整性
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com KEY_ID

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清华源

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

中科源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

网易

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse