Spring Cloud Gateway深入探究

Spring Cloud Gateway介绍

废话不多说，看官方文档的介绍

This project provides an API Gateway built on top of the Spring Ecosystem, including: Spring 5, Spring Boot 2 and Project Reactor. Spring Cloud Gateway aims to provide a simple, yet effective way to route to APIs and provide cross cutting concerns to them such as: security, monitoring/metrics, and resiliency.

有道翻译一下:

这个项目提供了一个建在Spring生态系统之上的API网关，包括:Spring 5, Spring Boot 2和project Reactor。Spring Cloud Gateway旨在提供一种简单而有效的方式来路由到api，并为它们提供交叉关注，例如:安全性、监视/度量和弹性。

工作原理如下：

Gateway实际上提供了一个在路由上的控制功能，大体包含两个大功能：

• Route
• Filter
• Forward

我们可以通过Route去匹配请求的uri，而每个Router下可以配置一个Filter Chain，我们可以通过Filter去修饰请求和响应及一些类似鉴权等中间动作，通过Forward可以控制重定向和请求转发（实际上Filter也可以做到，只不过这里分开说清晰一点）。在路由控制上，Gateway表现的非常灵活，它有两种配置方式：

• Yml or Properties File
• Code

主要名词如下：

• Route: Route the basic building block of the gateway. It is defined by an ID, a destination URI, a collection of predicates and a collection of filters. A route is matched if aggregate predicate is true.
• Predicate: This is a Java 8 Function Predicate. The input type is a Spring Framework ServerWebExchange. This allows developers to match on anything from the HTTP request, such as headers or parameters.
• Filter: These are instances Spring Framework GatewayFilter constructed in with a specific factory. Here, requests and responses can be modified before or after sending the downstream request.

Route 作为Gateway中的基本元素，它有自己的ID、URI和一个Predicate集合、Filter集合。Predicate的作用是判断请求的Uri是否匹配当前的Route，Filter则是匹配通过之后对请求和响应的处理及修饰，那么在Gateway中Route基本结构如下

Gateway{
    Route1 {
        String id;
        String path;
        List<Predicate> predicates;
        List<Filter> filters;
    };