【Android】热修复影响1-Java类型擦除和桥方法

注：Java类型擦除发生在泛型编程中。

Type Erasure and Bridge Methods
类型擦除和桥方法
（1）
The compiler sometimes creates a synthetic(合成的) method, called a bridge method, as part of the type erasure process.
在类型擦除过程中，编译器通常会生成一个合成的方法，叫桥方法。下面是源码中的类Node和MyNode：

public class Node<T> {
    public T data;
    public Node(T data) { this.data = data; }
    public void setData(T data) {
        System.out.println("Node.setData");
        this.data = data;
    }
}
public class MyNode extends Node<Integer> {
    public MyNode(Integer data) { super(data); }
    public void setData(Integer data) {
        System.out.println("MyNode.setData");
        super.setData(data);
    }
}

（2）
After type erasure, the Node and MyNode classes become:
类型擦除后，类Node、MyNode变成下面这样：

public class Node {
    public Object data;
    public Node(Object data) { this.data = data; }
    public void setData(Object data) {
        System.out.println("Node.setData");
        this.data = data;
    }
}
public class MyNode extends Node {
    public MyNode(Integer data) { super(data); }
    public void setData(Integer data) {
        System.out.println("MyNode.setData");
        super.setData(data);
    }
}

（3）
After type erasure, the method signatures do not match. The Node method becomes setData(Object) and the MyNode method becomes setData(Integer). Therefore, the MyNode setData method does not override the Node setData method.
类型擦除后，方法签名不匹配。类MyNode的setData(Integer)并未重写类Node的setData(Object)方法。
To solve this problem and preserve the polymorphism of generic types after type erasure, a Java compiler generates a bridge method to ensure that subtyping works as expected. For the MyNode class, the compiler generates the following bridge method for setData:
为了解决以上问题，即保存泛型类型擦除后的多态性，编译器生成了一个桥方法。

class MyNode extends Node {

    // Bridge method generated by the compiler
    public void setData(Object data) {
        setData((Integer) data);
    }

    public void setData(Integer data) {
        System.out.println("MyNode.setData");
        super.setData(data);
    }

    // ...
}

As you can see, the bridge method, which has the same method signature as the Node class's setData method after type erasure, delegates to the original setData method.
这样，桥方法有与类Node的setData(Object)相同的签名。

参考网址：官方文档：Java类型擦除和桥方法