图论算法

1．最小生成树
A.Prim算法：
procedure prim(v0:integer);
var
lowcost,closest:array[1..maxn] of integer;
i,j,k,min:integer;
begin
for i:=1 to n do begin
lowcost[i]:=cost[v0,i];
closest[i]:=v0;
end;
for i:=1 to n-1 do begin
{寻找离生成树最近的未加入顶点k}
min:=maxlongint;
for j:=1 to n do
if (lowcost[j]<min) and (lowcost[j]<>0) then begin
min:=lowcost[j];
k:=j;
end;
lowcost[k]:=0; {将顶点k加入生成树}
{生成树中增加一条新的边k到closest[k]}
{修正各点的lowcost和closest值}
for j:=1 to n do
if cost[k,j]<lwocost[j] then begin
lowcost[j]:=cost[k,j];
closest[j]:=k;
end;
end;
end;{prim}
B.Kruskal算法：(贪心)
按权值递增顺序删去图中的边，若不形成回路则将此边加入最小生成树。
function find(v:integer):integer; {返回顶点v所在的集合}
var i:integer;
begin
i:=1;
while (i<=n) and (not v in vset[i]) do inc(i);
if i<=n then find:=i else find:=0;
end;
procedure kruskal;
var
tot,i,j:integer;
begin
for i:=1 to n do vset[i]:=[i];{初始化定义n个集合，第I个集合包含一个元素I}
p:=n-1; q:=1; tot:=0; {p为尚待加入的边数，q为边集指针}
sort;
{对所有边按权值递增排序，存于e 中，e.v1与e.v2为边I所连接的两个顶点的序号，e.len为第I条边的长度}
while p>0 do begin
i:=find(e[q].v1);j:=find(e[q].v2);
if i<>j then begin
inc(tot,e[q].len);
vset[i]:=vset[i]+vset[j];vset[j]:=[];
dec(p);
end;
inc(q);
end;
writeln(tot);
end;
2.最短路径
A.标号法求解单源点最短路径：
var
a:array[1..maxn,1..maxn] of integer;
b:array[1..maxn] of integer; {b[i]指顶点i到源点的最短路径}
mark:array[1..maxn] of boolean;
procedure bhf;
var
best,best_j:integer;
begin
fillchar(mark,sizeof(mark),false);
mark[1]:=true; b[1]:=0;{1为源点}
repeat
best:=0;
for i:=1 to n do
If mark[i] then {对每一个已计算出最短路径的点}
for j:=1 to n do
if (not mark[j]) and (a[i,j]>0) then
if (best=0) or (b[i]+a[i,j]<best) then begin
best:=b[i]+a[i,j]; best_j:=j;
end;
if best>0 then begin
b[best_j]:=best；mark[best_j]:=true;
end;
until best=0;
end;{bhf}
B.Floyed算法求解所有顶点对之间的最短路径：
procedure floyed;
begin
for I:=1 to n do
for j:=1 to n do
if a[I,j]>0 then p[I,j]:=I else p[I,j]:=0; {p[I,j]表示I到j的最短路径上j的前驱结点}
for k:=1 to n do {枚举中间结点}
for i:=1 to n do
for j:=1 to n do
if a[i,k]+a[j,k]<a[i,j] then begin
a[i,j]:=a[i,k]+a[k,j];
p[I,j]:=p[k,j];
end;
end;
C. Dijkstra 算法：
var
a:array[1..maxn,1..maxn] of integer;
b,pre:array[1..maxn] of integer; {pre[i]指最短路径上I的前驱结点}
mark:array[1..maxn] of boolean;
procedure dijkstra(v0:integer);
begin
fillchar(mark,sizeof(mark),false);
for i:=1 to n do begin
d[i]:=a[v0,i];
if d[i]<>0 then pre[i]:=v0 else pre[i]:=0;
end;
mark[v0]:=true;
repeat {每循环一次加入一个离1集合最近的结点并调整其他结点的参数}
min:=maxint; u:=0; {u记录离1集合最近的结点}
for i:=1 to n do
if (not mark[i]) and (d[i]<min) then begin
u:=i; min:=d[i];
end;
if u<>0 then begin
mark[u]:=true;
for i:=1 to n do
if (not mark[i]) and (a[u,i]+d[u]<d[i]) then begin
d[i]:=a[u,i]+d[u];
pre[i]:=u;
end;
end;
until u=0;
end;
3.计算图的传递闭包
Procedure Longlink;
Var
T:array[1..maxn,1..maxn] of boolean;
Begin
Fillchar(t,sizeof(t),false);
For k:=1 to n do
For I:=1 to n do
For j:=1 to n do T[I,j]:=t[I,j] or (t[I,k] and t[k,j]);
End;