Prometheus - Blackbox Exporter

简介： BlackBox Exporter 顾名思义就是在应用程序的外部对其进行探测， 支持 HTTP、HTTPS、DNS、TCP、ICMP等方式对目标进行检测。

BlackBox Exporter 顾名思义就是在应用程序的外部对其进行探测，
支持 HTTP、HTTPS、DNS、TCP、ICMP等方式对目标进行检测。

ICMP

cat prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs: 
  - job_name: "ICMP"
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [icmp]
    file_sd_configs:
    - refresh_interval: 10s
      files:
      - targets/blackbox-exporter-icmp.yml
    relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      replacement: blackbox-exporter-service:9115

cat targets/blackbox-exporter-icmp.yml
- targets: 
  - 119.29.29.29
  - 223.5.5.5

HTTP

cat prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs: 
  - job_name: "HTTP"
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    file_sd_configs:
    - refresh_interval: 10s
      files:
      - targets/blackbox-exporter-http.yml
    relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      replacement: blackbox-exporter-service:9115

cat targets/blackbox-exporter-http.yml
- targets: 
  - https://www.baidu.com
  - https://www.google.com

TCP

cat prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs: 
  - job_name: "TCP"
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [tcp]
    file_sd_configs:
    - refresh_interval: 10s
      files:
      - targets/blackbox-exporter-tcp.yml
    relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      replacement: blackbox-exporter-service:9115

cat targets/blackbox-exporter-tcp.yml
- targets: 
  - aliyun.com:443
  - huaweicloud.com:443

标签重改& 监控原理
将 [address] 输出到 __param_target，是为了 Prometheus 在BlackboxExporter采集时使用对应的域名
例如 Target 中设置的是 https://www.baidu.com 则 address 为 https://www.baidu.com
Prometheus 采集时则使用 http://blackbox-exporter:9115/probe?module=http_2xx&target=https://www.baidu.com

由此可见，Prometheus 主动传递参数给 Blackbox 进行执行，并在 Blackbox 接口暴露出指标提供给 Prometheus 采集。

probe?module=http_2xx&target=https://www.google.com
http_2xx 为模块名称
https://www.google.com 为执行监控的目标

Grafana
Dashboard ID: 13659

Dashboard ID: 9965
需要额外安装饼图插件支持： grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panel

Trouble
报错: 通过 IPv6 连接不到目标
解决方案: 修改对应模块的IP协议为 IPv4

modules:
  http_2xx:
    prober: http
    http:
 preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
  icmp:
    prober: icmp
    icmp:
 preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
  tcp:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
 preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"

Refer:

https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/blob/master/CONFIGURATION.md

Debug
probe?target=119.29.29.29&module=icmp&debug=true
通过传递 debug=true 参数可以进行 Probe 过程中的调试

原文：https://developer.aliyun.com/article/790535