ld与链接脚本

本文介绍了如何通过ld链接脚本来解决固定内存地址问题,以i386_linux.lds为例,详细解析了链接脚本的各个部分,包括数据段的对齐、重定位节、符号表等,旨在帮助读者理解链接过程和内存布局。
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这几天正要解决一个固定内存地址问题,有如下程序:

test.c:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>

extern unsigned char __bootarea_start[];
extern unsigned char __bootarea_end[];
void get_bootarea_addr(unsigned char **addr_start, unsigned int *size)
{
 *addr_start = __bootarea_start;
 *size = (__bootarea_end - __bootarea_start);
}
/* 即每次开机或重新编译连接,该函数返回的地址和大小都是固定不变的 */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
 unsigned char *bootarea_addr = NULL; //, *ptr;
 unsigned int size = 0;
 unsigned int i;

 get_bootarea_addr(&bootarea_addr, &size);
 printf("bootarea_addr = %p, size = %x/n", bootarea_addr, size);
 for(i = 0; i < size; i++) { bootarea_addr[i] = i; }

 return 0;
}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

i386-linux平台链接脚本如下:i386_linux.lds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
==================================================
GNU ld version 2.17.50.0.6-6.el5 20061020
  Supported emulations:
   elf_i386
   i386linux
using internal linker script:
==================================================
*/

/* Script for -z combreloc: combine and sort reloc sections */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386", "elf32-i386",
       "elf32-i386")
OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
ENTRY(_start)
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i386-redhat-linux/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");
SECTIONS
{
/* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */
/*  PROVIDE (__executable_start = 0x08048000); . = 0x08048000 + SIZEOF_HEADERS; */
  PROVIDE (__executable_start = 0x000008000); . = 0x00008000 + 1024;
  .interp         : { *(.interp) }
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      *(.rel.data .rel.data.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.d.*)
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      *(.rela.ctors)
      *(.rela.dtors)
      *(.rela.got)
      *(.rela.bss .rela.bss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.b.*)
    }
  .rel.plt        : { *(.rel.plt) }
  .rela.plt       : { *(.rela.plt) }
  .init           :
  {
    KEEP (*(.init))
  } =0x90909090
  .plt            : { *(.plt) }
  .text           :
  {
    *(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*)
    KEEP (*(.text.*personality*))
    /* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em.  */
    *(.gnu.warning)
  } =0x90909090
  .fini           :
  {
    KEEP (*(.fini))
  } =0x90909090
  PROVIDE (__etext = .);
  PROVIDE (_etext = .);
  PROVIDE (etext = .);
  .rodata         : { *(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*) }
  .rodata1        : { *(.rodata1) }
  .eh_frame_hdr : { *(.eh_frame_hdr) }
  .eh_frame       : ONLY_IF_RO { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) }
  .gcc_except_table   : ONLY_IF_RO { *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) }

  /* Adjust the address for the data segment.  We want to adjust up to
     the same address within the page on the next page up.  */
/* 
  . = ALIGN (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE)) - ((CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE) - .) & (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE) - 1));
  . = DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE), CONSTANT (COMMONPAGESIZE));
*/
  . = ALIGN (0x8000) - ((0x8000 - .) & (0x8000 - 1));
  . = DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN (0x8000, 0x1000);

  /* Exception handling  */
  .eh_frame       : ONLY_IF_RW { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) }
  .gcc_except_table   : ONLY_IF_RW { *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) }
  /* Thread Local Storage sections  */
  .tdata   : { *(.tdata .tdata.* .gnu.linkonce.td.*) }
  .tbss    : { *(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.tcommon) }
  .preinit_array     :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(.preinit_array))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
  }
  .init_array     :
  {
     PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
     KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
     KEEP (*(.init_array))
     PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
  }
  .fini_array     :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(.fini_array))
    KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
  }
  .ctors          :
  {
    /* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of
       the constructors, so we make sure it is
       first.  Because this is a wildcard, it
       doesn't matter if the user does not
       actually link against crtbegin.o; the
       linker won't look for a file to match a
       wildcard.  The wildcard also means that it
       doesn't matter which directory crtbegin.o
       is in.  */
    KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors))
    KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.ctors))
    /* We don't want to include the .ctor section from
       the crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors.
       The .ctor section from the crtend file contains the
       end of ctors marker and it must be last */
    KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors))
    KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)))
    KEEP (*(.ctors))
  }
  .dtors          :
  {
    KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors))
    KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.dtors))
    KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors))
    KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*)))
    KEEP (*(.dtors))
  }
  .jcr            : { KEEP (*(.jcr)) }
  .data.rel.ro : { *(.data.rel.ro.local* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.local.*) *(.data.rel.ro* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) }
  .dynamic        : { *(.dynamic) }
  .got            : { *(.got) }
  . = DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO_END (12, .);
  .got.plt        : { *(.got.plt) }
  .data           :
  {
    *(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*)
    KEEP (*(.gnu.linkonce.d.*personality*))
    SORT(CONSTRUCTORS)
  }
  .data1          : { *(.data1) }
  _edata = .; PROVIDE (edata = .);
  __bss_start = .;
  .bss            :
  {
   *(.dynbss)
   *(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*)
   *(COMMON)
   /* Align here to ensure that the .bss section occupies space up to
      _end.  Align after .bss to ensure correct alignment even if the
      .bss section disappears because there are no input sections.
      FIXME: Why do we need it? When there is no .bss section, we don't
      pad the .data section.  */
   . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? 32 / 8 : 1);
  }
  . = ALIGN(32 / 8);
  . = ALIGN(32 / 8);
  _end = .; PROVIDE (end = .);
  . = DATA_SEGMENT_END (.);
  /* Stabs debugging sections.  */

  . = 0x80000000;
  .bootarea :
  {
    __bootarea_start = .;
    . = . + 0x500000;
    __bootarea_end = .;
  }

  .stab          0 : { *(.stab) }
  .stabstr       0 : { *(.stabstr) }
  .stab.excl     0 : { *(.stab.excl) }
  .stab.exclstr  0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) }
  .stab.index    0 : { *(.stab.index) }
  .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
  .comment       0 : { *(.comment) }
  /* DWARF debug sections.
     Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning
     of the section so

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