linux1.0 Makefile

操作系统引导部分见boot目录下的三个汇编文件。

在linux1.0中Makefile文件也只有300行，但是到了linux2.6就有了1345行，这里的主要问题是linux2.6支持了多种CPU，而linux1.0还只是支持intel 8086系列。Linux1.0的Makefile文件如下：

VERSION = 1                  ！版本号

PATCHLEVEL = 0                         ！补丁号

ALPHA =

 

all:   Version zImage             ！Version用于生成.config和.depend文件，zImage就是要

#生成的核心，Version依赖于dummy,作用是删除tools/version.h和如果系统中没有.config

#和.depend文件的话，帮助生成这两个文件，zImage要生成的映像文件名，1.0版本的核心

#不支持非压缩的核心

 

.EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES: #导出所有的值，用于生成.config文件时，读取config.in文件        

 

CONFIG_SHELL := $(shell if [ -x "$$BASH" ]; then echo $$BASH; /

         else if [ -x /bin/bash ]; then echo /bin/bash; /

         else echo sh; fi ; fi)

 

#

# Make "config" the default target if there is no configuration file or

# "depend" the target if there is no top-level dependency information.

# 如果没有configuration文件make config将会是缺省的目标，如果没有顶层的依赖信

！息.depend将会是缺省的目标。

ifeq (.config,$(wildcard .config))        ！如果既包含了.config文件，也包含了.depend文件，

include .config                                   ！则include它们

ifeq (.depend,$(wildcard .depend))                     ！如果只包含了.config文件，则让

include .depend                                         ！CONFIGURATION=depend

else                                                          ！如果没有包含.config文件，则让

CONFIGURATION = depend              ！CONFIGURATION=config 

endif

else

CONFIGURATION = config

endif

 

ifdef CONFIGURATION             ！如果定义了CONFIGURATION，则让

CONFIGURE = dummy              ！CONFIGURATION=dummy，也就是说让.config endif                                  ！和.depend依赖于dummy

 

#

# ROOT_DEV specifies the default root-device when making the image.

# This can be either FLOPPY, CURRENT, /dev/xxxx or empty, in which case

# the default of FLOPPY is used by 'build'.

# ROOT_DEV是我们制作映像文件时缺省的根设备。它可以是FLOPPY,CURRENT,/dev/xxxx或者是空，另外，缺省的FLOPPY被用于“build”

 

ROOT_DEV = CURRENT

                            !根设备为CURRENT

#

# If you want to preset the SVGA mode, uncomment the next line and

# set SVGA_MODE to whatever number you want.

# Set it to -DSVGA_MODE=NORMAL_VGA if you just want the EGA/VGA mode.

# The number is the same as you would ordinarily press at bootup.

#

！如果你想调整SVGA模式，注释掉下行并且可以设置成你想要的任何模式，如果你想要

！EGV/VGA模式的话可以用设置-DSVGA_MODE=NORMAL_VGA，这个数字和你在启动

!时按下按键一样。

 

SVGA_MODE=     -DSVGA_MODE=NORMAL_VGA

 

#

# standard CFLAGS

#

 

CFLAGS = -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe

！编译时用的选项

ifdef CONFIG_CPP          ！可以用C++编译器编译

CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS) -x c++

endif

 

ifdef CONFIG_M486             ！处理器的定义，根据用户的选择可以让gcc为对应的

CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS) -m486           ！CPU类型产生优化的代码

else

CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS) -m386

endif

 

#

# if you want the ram-disk device, define this to be the

# size in blocks.

#     如果你想使用虚拟盘，请定义这里的尺寸

 

#RAMDISK = -DRAMDISK=512

              ！定义虚拟盘的大小

AS86      =as86 -0 –a           ！8086汇编器

LD86      =ld86 -0              ！8086连接器

 

AS   =as                      ！GNU汇编器

LD   =ld                      ！GNU连接器

HOSTCC =gcc              ！定义GCC

CC   =gcc -D__KERNEL__           ！-D__KERNEL__编译核心选项

MAKE     =make  

CPP =$(CC) -E

AR   =ar

STRIP    =strip

                     ！从84行开始到106行，定义了最终要连接成在zImage时要用到的各个模块

ARCHIVES     =kernel/kernel.o mm/mm.o fs/fs.o net/net.o ipc/ipc.o

FILESYSTEMS     =fs/filesystems.a

DRIVERS              =drivers/block/block.a /

               drivers/char/char.a /

               drivers/net/net.a /

               ibcs/ibcs.o

LIBS              =lib/lib.a

SUBDIRS              =kernel drivers mm fs net ipc ibcs lib

 

KERNELHDRS      =/usr/src/linux/include

 

ifdef CONFIG_SCSI

DRIVERS := $(DRIVERS) drivers/scsi/scsi.a

endif

 

ifdef CONFIG_SOUND

DRIVERS := $(DRIVERS) drivers/sound/sound.a

endif

 

ifdef CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION

DRIVERS := $(DRIVERS) drivers/FPU-emu/math.a

endif

 

.c.s:

       $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -S -o $*.s $<

.s.o:

       $(AS) -c -o $*.o $<

.c.o:

       $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $*.o $<

 

Version: dummy

       rm -f tools/version.h

 

config:

       $(CONFIG_SHELL) Configure $(OPTS) < config.in

       @if grep -s '^CONFIG_SOUND' .tmpconfig ; then /

              $(MAKE) -C drivers/sound config; /

              else : ; fi

       mv .tmpconfig .config

 

linuxsubdirs: dummy         ！循环进入子目录汇编

       set -e; for i in $(SUBDIRS); do $(MAKE) -C $$i; done

 

tools/./version.h: tools/version.h    ！生成./version.h

 

tools/version.h: $(CONFIGURE) Makefile          !生成tools/version.h

       @./makever.sh

       @echo /#define UTS_RELEASE /"$(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL)$(ALPHA)/" > tools/version.h

       @echo /#define UTS_VERSION /"/#`cat .version` `date`/" >> tools/version.h

       @echo /#define LINUX_COMPILE_TIME /"`date +%T`/" >> tools/version.h

       @echo /#define LINUX_COMPILE_BY /"`whoami`/" >> tools/version.h

       @echo /#define LINUX_COMPILE_HOST /"`hostname`/" >> tools/version.h

       @echo /#define LINUX_COMPILE_DOMAIN /"`domainname`/" >> tools/version.h

 

tools/build: tools/build.c $(CONFIGURE)         !生成tools/build

       $(HOSTCC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

 

boot/head.o: $(CONFIGURE) boot/head.s          !生成boot/head.o

 

boot/head.s: boot/head.S $(CONFIGURE) include/linux/tasks.h      !生成boot/head.s

       $(CPP) -traditional $< -o $@

 

tools/version.o: tools/version.c tools/version.h        !生成tools/version.o

 

init/main.o: $(CONFIGURE) init/main.c             !生成init/main.o

       $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(PROFILING) -c -o $*.o $<

 

tools/system:   boot/head.o init/main.o tools/version.o linuxsubdirs

!在1.0核心中tools/system没有被使用，而是用了下面的tools/zSystem,所以从该行开始到160

！行我们都可以不用关心

       $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -Ttext 1000 boot/head.o init/main.o tools/version.o /

              $(ARCHIVES) /

              $(FILESYSTEMS) /

              $(DRIVERS) /

              $(LIBS) /

              -o tools/system

       nm tools/zSystem | grep -v '/(compiled/)/|/(/.o$$/)/|/( a /)' | /

              sort > System.map

 

boot/setup: boot/setup.o         ！生成boot/setup

       $(LD86) -s -o $@ $<

 

boot/setup.o: boot/setup.s          !生成boot/setup.o

       $(AS86) -o $@ $<

 

boot/setup.s: boot/setup.S $(CONFIGURE) include/linux/config.h Makefile

!生成boot/setup.s

       $(CPP) -traditional $(SVGA_MODE) $(RAMDISK) $< -o $@

 

boot/bootsect: boot/bootsect.o        !生成boot/bootsect

       $(LD86) -s -o $@ $<

 

boot/bootsect.o: boot/bootsect.s         !生成boot/bootsect.o

       $(AS86) -o $@ $<

 

boot/bootsect.s: boot/bootsect.S $(CONFIGURE) include/linux/config.h Makefile

!生成boot/bootsect.s

       $(CPP) -traditional $(SVGA_MODE) $(RAMDISK) $< -o $@

 

zBoot/zSystem: zBoot/*.c zBoot/*.S tools/zSystem

!z生成zBboot/zSystem

       $(MAKE) -C zBoot

!生成在zImage,zImage=boot/bootsect+boot/setup+zBoot/zSystem (当然zImage并不是简单的由这3个模块的叠加，而是由tools/build这个应用程序去除了MINIX头和GCC头后才叠加的，最终生成zImage

zImage: $(CONFIGURE) boot/bootsect boot/setup zBoot/zSystem tools/build

       tools/build boot/bootsect boot/setup zBoot/zSystem $(ROOT_DEV) > zImage

       sync

 

zdisk: zImage          !将生成的zImage写入软盘

       dd bs=8192 if=zImage of=/dev/fd0

 

zlilo: $(CONFIGURE) zImage

       ！使用lilo启动核心，首先备份  ，系统原有的vmlinuz和zSystem.map，然后把生成的zImage和zSystem.map拷贝到”/“下，最后运行lilo，安装lilo

       if [ -f /vmlinuz ]; then mv /vmlinuz /vmlinuz.old; fi

       if [ -f /zSystem.map ]; then mv /zSystem.map /zSystem.old; fi

       cat zImage > /vmlinuz

       cp zSystem.map /

       if [ -x /sbin/lilo ]; then /sbin/lilo; else /etc/lilo/install; fi

！生成tools/zSystem，tools/zSystem=boot/head.o+init/main.o+tools/version.o+各个编译好的子目录下的模块，请注意生成的tools/zSystem模块代码段从 1M 处开始编制

tools/zSystem: boot/head.o init/main.o tools/version.o linuxsubdirs

       $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -Ttext 100000 boot/head.o init/main.o tools/version.o /

              $(ARCHIVES) /

              $(FILESYSTEMS) /

              $(DRIVERS) /

              $(LIBS) /

              -o tools/zSystem

       nm tools/zSystem | grep -v '/(compiled/)/|/(/.o$$/)/|/( a /)' | /

              sort > zSystem.map

！从这开始到226行，使编译各个子目录下的模块的情况

fs: dummy

       $(MAKE) linuxsubdirs SUBDIRS=fs

 

lib: dummy

       $(MAKE) linuxsubdirs SUBDIRS=lib

 

mm: dummy

       $(MAKE) linuxsubdirs SUBDIRS=mm

 

ipc: dummy

       $(MAKE) linuxsubdirs SUBDIRS=ipc

 

kernel: dummy

       $(MAKE) linuxsubdirs SUBDIRS=kernel

 

drivers: dummy

       $(MAKE) linuxsubdirs SUBDIRS=drivers

 

net: dummy

       $(MAKE) linuxsubdirs SUBDIRS=net

！清除编译生成的目标文件

clean:

       rm -f kernel/ksyms.lst

       rm -f core `find . -name '*.[oas]' -print`

       rm -f core `find . -name 'core' -print`

       rm -f zImage zSystem.map tools/zSystem tools/system

       rm -f Image System.map boot/bootsect boot/setup

       rm -f zBoot/zSystem zBoot/xtract zBoot/piggyback

       rm -f .tmp* drivers/sound/configure

       rm -f init/*.o tools/build boot/*.o tools/*.o

！清除编译生成的目标文件，还包括生成的h文件和.config和.depend文件

mrproper: clean

       rm -f include/linux/autoconf.h tools/version.h

       rm -f drivers/sound/local.h

       rm -f .version .config* config.old

       rm -f .depend `find . -name .depend -print`

 

distclean: mrproper

！备份核心源代码

backup: mrproper

       cd .. && tar cf - linux | gzip -9 > backup.gz

       sync

！产生.depend文件

depend dep:

       touch tools/version.h

       for i in init/*.c;do echo -n "init/";$(CPP) -M $$i;done > .tmpdepend

       for i in tools/*.c;do echo -n "tools/";$(CPP) -M $$i;done >> .tmpdepend

       set -e; for i in $(SUBDIRS); do $(MAKE) -C $$i dep; done

       rm -f tools/version.h

       mv .tmpdepend .depend

 

ifdef CONFIGURATION

！如果定义了CONFIGURATION，则说明上面的make config或者make depend来生成.config！和.depend文件，只有这两个文件都有了，才可以编译出核心来，最后让你重新make

..$(CONFIGURATION):

       @echo

       @echo "You have a bad or nonexistent" .$(CONFIGURATION) ": running 'make" $(CONFIGURATION)"'"

       @echo

       $(MAKE) $(CONFIGURATION)

       @echo

       @echo "Successful. Try re-making (ignore the error that follows)"

       @echo

       exit 1

 

dummy: ..$(CONFIGURATION)

 

else

 

dummy:

 

endif

 

#

# Leave these dummy entries for now to tell people that they are going away..

#

lilo:

       @echo

       @echo Uncompressed kernel images no longer supported. Use

       @echo /"make zlilo/" instead.

       @echo

       @exit 1

 

Image:

       @echo

       @echo Uncompressed kernel images no longer supported. Use

       @echo /"make zImage/" instead.

       @echo

       @exit 1

 

disk:

       @echo

       @echo Uncompressed kernel images no longer supported. Use

       @echo /"make zdisk/" instead.

       @echo

       @exit 1

 

zBoot/Makefile：

HEAD = head.o

SYSTEM = ../tools/zSystem

#LD = gcc

#TEST = -DTEST_DRIVER

 

zOBJECTS = $(HEAD) inflate.o unzip.o misc.o

 

CFLAGS = -O2 -DSTDC_HEADERS $(TEST)

 

.c.s:

       $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -S -o $*.s $<

.s.o:

       $(AS) -c -o $*.o $<

.c.o:

       $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $*.o $<

 

all:   zSystem

       !生成zSystem文件，!zSystem=$(Zobjects)+piggy.o=head.o+inflate.o+unzip.o+misc.o+piggy.o,zSystem代码段被从4k地址处开始编址连接，请注意piggy.o是真正的核心，并且已经以gzip -9压缩

zSystem: piggy.o $(zOBJECTS)

              $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o zSystem -Ttext 1000 $(zOBJECTS) piggy.o

 

head.o:    head.s

 

head.s: head.S ../include/linux/tasks.h

       $(CPP) -traditional head.S -o head.s

 

piggy.o:   $(SYSTEM) xtract piggyback

              ./xtract $(SYSTEM) | gzip -9 | ./piggyback > piggy.o

 

$(SYSTEM):

              $(MAKE) -C .. tools/zSystem

 

Inflate.c，unzip.c，misc.c中定义的函数，这些函数用于解压缩被用gzip -9压缩的核心，并且把解压缩的核心从物理地址 1M 开始处放置。