[b][size=medium][color=darkblue]Console/X Window Switch[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=medium][color=darkblue]Check / List Running Services[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]service command - list running services[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]Print the status of any service[/color][/size][/b]
To print the status of apache (httpd) service:
[b][size=small][color=violet]List all known services (configured via SysV)[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]List service and their open ports[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]Turn on / off service[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]Other[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]系统时间与硬件时间同步[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=medium][color=darkblue]Linux Find[/color][/size][/b]
find 命令的基本结构:
在以下命令中,find 将开始在目录中查找文件:
[b][size=medium][color=darkblue]Ethernet Interfaces[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]Static IP[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]DHCP[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=medium][color=darkblue]将YUM指定为光盘[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]1. 将光盘mount起来:[/color][/size][/b]
或者启动系统默认挂载光盘
[b][size=small][color=violet]2. 创建repo文件[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]2.1 RHEL6的YUM配置 [/color][/size][/b]
[code="java"]
# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo
[rhel-source]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source
#baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
#gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
gpgkey=file:///media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[rhel-source-beta]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Beta - $basearch - Source
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/beta/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta,file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[/code]
[b][size=small][color=violet]3. [/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]4. [/color][/size][/b]
生成rpm依赖关系及组信息,在RHEL 5中每个目录下的repodata目录下都有一个repomd.xml,
该文件中就记录了rpm包的依赖关系,还有一个comps-rhel5-*.xml文件,这个文件主要记录分组情况,建立yum仓库时,需要先重建该文件。当然,如果你系统还没有createrepo 命令,你需要安装createrepo 软件包:
[b][size=small][color=violet]5. [/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]6. 清除yum缓存[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]7. yum的使用技巧:[/color][/size][/b]
-y:不提示用户确认直接安装
install与localinstall的区别:install直接通过yum服务器端安装指定包及所有依赖关系,而localinstall是本地已有rpm文件,只要到yum服务器上安装依赖关系。
显示所有yum服务器定义的组
一次性安装yum服务器上定义的一组包
查找yum服务器上所有符合searcherm关键字的内容
列出yum服务器所有可用的包
[b][size=small][color=violet]8.关闭服务器的高级电源管理[/color][/size][/b]
服务器的高级电源管理可能会造成网络异常,如防火墙模块被卸载等问题:
kernel: Removing netfilter NETLINK layer.
# /etc/inittab
# Console: id:3:initdefault:
# X Window: id:5:initdefault:
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:
# 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
# 1 - Single user mode
# 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
# 3 - Full multiuser mode
# 4 - unused
# 5 - X11
# 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#
id:3:initdefault:
[b][size=medium][color=darkblue]Check / List Running Services[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]service command - list running services[/color][/size][/b]
service --status-all
service --status-all | grep ntpd
service --status-all | less
[b][size=small][color=violet]Print the status of any service[/color][/size][/b]
To print the status of apache (httpd) service:
service httpd status
[b][size=small][color=violet]List all known services (configured via SysV)[/color][/size][/b]
chkconfig --list
[b][size=small][color=violet]List service and their open ports[/color][/size][/b]
netstat -tulpn
[b][size=small][color=violet]Turn on / off service[/color][/size][/b]
ntsysv
chkconfig service off
chkconfig service on
chkconfig httpd off
chkconfig ntpd on
[b][size=small][color=violet]Other[/color][/size][/b]
/sbin/service [name] start
starts the background service
/sbin/service [name] stop
stops the background service
/sbin/service [name] restart
restarts the background service
/sbin/service [name] status
displays the background service status
/sbin/chkconfig ––list
displays all the available services
/sbin/chkconfig ––level 345 [name] on
automatically runs the background service on the next startup
/sbin/chkconfig ––level 345 [name] off
removes the background service from the startup list
/sbin/chkconfig [name] on
enables the on-demand service
/sbin/chkconfig [name] off
disables the on-demand service
[b][size=small][color=violet]系统时间与硬件时间同步[/color][/size][/b]
vi /etc/crontab
#*/3 * * * * root ntpdate time.windows.com
* */1 * * * root /sbin/hwclock -s --localtime
[b][size=medium][color=darkblue]Linux Find[/color][/size][/b]
find 命令的基本结构:
find start_directory test options criteria_to_match
action_to_perform_on_results
在以下命令中,find 将开始在目录中查找文件:
find . -name "*.java"
find /home/bluher -name \*.java
find /usr /home /tmp -name "*.jar"
find /usr /home /tmp -name "*.jar" 2>/dev/null
find downloads -iname "*.gif"
[b][size=medium][color=darkblue]Ethernet Interfaces[/color][/size][/b]
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[b][size=small][color=violet]Static IP[/color][/size][/b]
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NETWORK=10.0.1.0
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=10.0.1.27
USERCTL=no
[b][size=small][color=violet]DHCP[/color][/size][/b]
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes
[b][size=medium][color=darkblue]将YUM指定为光盘[/color][/size][/b]
[b][size=small][color=violet]1. 将光盘mount起来:[/color][/size][/b]
#mount -o loop rhel-5-server-dvd.iso /media/rhel
#mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
或者启动系统默认挂载光盘
#vim /etc/fstab
/dev/cdrom /mdeia/rhel iso9660 defaults 0 0
[b][size=small][color=violet]2. 创建repo文件[/color][/size][/b]
#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-local.repo
[Cluster]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Cluster
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/Cluster
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[ClusterStorage]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - ClusterStorage
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/ClusterStorage
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[Server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Server
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[VT]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - VT
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/VT
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[b][size=small][color=violet]2.1 RHEL6的YUM配置 [/color][/size][/b]
[code="java"]
# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo
[rhel-source]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source
#baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
#gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
gpgkey=file:///media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[rhel-source-beta]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Beta - $basearch - Source
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/beta/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta,file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[/code]
[b][size=small][color=violet]3. [/color][/size][/b]
#mkdir -p /var/rhel/{Cluster,ClusterStorage,Server,VT}
[b][size=small][color=violet]4. [/color][/size][/b]
生成rpm依赖关系及组信息,在RHEL 5中每个目录下的repodata目录下都有一个repomd.xml,
该文件中就记录了rpm包的依赖关系,还有一个comps-rhel5-*.xml文件,这个文件主要记录分组情况,建立yum仓库时,需要先重建该文件。当然,如果你系统还没有createrepo 命令,你需要安装createrepo 软件包:
# cd /media/rhel/Server
# rpm -ivh createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm
#createrepo -o /var/rhel/Cluster -g /media/rhel/Cluster/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster.xml /media/rhel/Cluster
#createrepo -o /var/rhel/ClusterStorage -g /media/rhel/ClusterStorage/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster-st.xml /media/rhel/ClusterStorage
#createrepo -o /var/rhel/Server -g /media/rhel/Server/repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml /media/rhel/Server
#createrepo -o /var/rhel/VT -g /media/rhel/VT/repodata/comps-rhel5-vt.xml /media/rhel/VT
[b][size=small][color=violet]5. [/color][/size][/b]
#mount --bind /var/rhel/Cluster/repodata /media/rhel/Cluster/repodata
#mount --bind /var/rhel/ClusterStorage/repodata /media/rhel/ClusterStorage/repodata
#mount --bind /var/rhel/Server/repodata /media/rhel/Server/repodata
#mount --bind /var/rhel/VT/repodata /media/rhel/VT/repodata
[b][size=small][color=violet]6. 清除yum缓存[/color][/size][/b]
#yum clean all
[b][size=small][color=violet]7. yum的使用技巧:[/color][/size][/b]
# yum install [-y ]package
-y:不提示用户确认直接安装
# yum localinstall rpmfile
install与localinstall的区别:install直接通过yum服务器端安装指定包及所有依赖关系,而localinstall是本地已有rpm文件,只要到yum服务器上安装依赖关系。
# yum grouplist
显示所有yum服务器定义的组
# yum groupinstall packagegroup
一次性安装yum服务器上定义的一组包
# yum remove package
# yum groupremove packagegroup
# yum search searcherm
查找yum服务器上所有符合searcherm关键字的内容
# yum list [all]
列出yum服务器所有可用的包
# yum info package
# yum groupinfo grouppackgroup
# yum whatprovides filename
[b][size=small][color=violet]8.关闭服务器的高级电源管理[/color][/size][/b]
服务器的高级电源管理可能会造成网络异常,如防火墙模块被卸载等问题:
kernel: Removing netfilter NETLINK layer.
service acpid stop
chkconfig acpid off