在CentOS 7服务器上安装并配置 MySQL（本文使用MySQL5.7）

*本教程将介绍如何在CentOS 7服务器上安装MySQL版本5.7
*CentOS 7已经使用 MariaDB 替代了 MySQL，如直接输入“yum install mysql-server”则安装 MariaDB

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开始之前:

  1. 更新系统(更新后建议重启机器):

yum -y update

    *yum -y update:升级所有包同时也升级软件和系统内核 (推荐)

yum -y upgrade

    *yum -y upgrade:只升级所有包，不升级软件和系统内核

  2. 检测系统是否自带安装 MySQL:

rpm -qa | grep mysql

  3. 卸载MySQL:

rpm -e mysql

    *普通删除模式，可能提示有其他依赖文件

rpm -e --nodeps mysql

   *强力删除模式，同时删除依赖文件

  4. 安装wget(若已有则跳过):

yum install wget

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安装MySQL:

  *如果你想使用 yum install mysql 在CentOS 7上安装数据库,MariaDB比MySQL更适合,除非你有特殊的需求

MySQL vs. MariaDB,“MariaDB will generally work seamlessly in place of MySQL”

  1. rpm手动安装

   安装依赖

yum -y install numactl-libs

   下载安装包 ( *CDN已失效 )

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

   安装

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nosignature

  2. yum install mysql

  正如前面提到的安装MySQL的yum命令实际上安装的是MariaDB。若要安装MySQL我们需要访问为MySQL提供包的MySQL社区Yum Repository。

   1. 在页面中找到对应版本的下载地址,并记下对应版本的MD5值。

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-xxxx-xx.noarch.rpm

  *mysql57-community-release-xxxx-xx.noarch.rpm 为版本文件名,注意修改

   2. 对比MD5值验证完整性。

md5sum mysql57-community-release-xxxx-xx.noarch.rpm

  *mysql57-community-release-xxxx-xx.noarch.rpm 为版本文件名,注意修改

   3. 确认MD5无误后安装该YUM源RPM安装包:

rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

   *增加两个新的MySQL yum存储库

   4. 安装MySQL :

yum install mysql-server

  *提示是否接受GPG密钥，输入“y”即可继续安装

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启动MySQL:

 启动

systemctl start mysqld

 查看

systemctl status mysqld

*如果MySQL已经成功启动，输出应该显示Active: active (running)。

*安装 MySQL时，MySQL会自动启动。您可以更改该默认行为 systemctl disable mysqld。

开机自动启动MySQL服务

systemctl enable mysqld

取消开机自动启动MySQL服务

systemctl disable mysqld

*在安装过程中，MySQL会为根用户生成一个临时密码(mysqld.log)。使用此命令找到它:

grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log

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配置MySQL(rpm手动安装):

登录后修改密码:

SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('新密码');

*此处可能提示密码不符合要求，输入下列语句后重新修改密码即可 :

set global validate_password_policy=0;

强制用户使用SSL:

alter user 'test'@'%' REQUIRE SSL;

设置开机自启:

chkconfig mysqld on

修改MySQL配置:

vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
port=3306
character-set-client-handshake=0
character_set_server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

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测试MySQL:

mysqladmin -u root -p version

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重置MySQL根密码:

如果你忘记了你的root密码，它可以重置。

  1. 停止当前的MySQL服务器实例，然后用一个选项重新启动它，以不要求输入密码。

 systemctl stop mysqld
 mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

  2. 用MySQL根帐户重新连接到MySQL服务器。

mysql -u root

  3. 使用以下命令重置root的密码。

use mysql;
update user SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD("新密码") WHERE USER='root';
flush privileges;
exit

  4. 然后重新启动MySQL。

systemctl start mysqld

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新建名为scott的数据库和名为scott密码为tiger的用户并使scott用户拥有scott数据库的所有权限

create database scott;
create user 'scott'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'tiger';
flush privileges;
grant all PRIVILEGES on scott.* to scott@'%' identified by 'tiger';
flush privileges;
exit;

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参考文章:

1. Centos下安装Mysql5.7
2. 如何在CentOS 7上安装MySQL