SimpleDateFormat时间格式化

单线程场景

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
 
public class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Date date = new Date();
        String strDateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
        //不可以提到外部改成静态变量，因为线程不安全
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(strDateFormat);
        System.out.println(sdf.format(date));
        //结果：   2015-03-27 21:13:23
    }
}

线程不安全原因

public StringBuffer format(Date date, StringBuffer toAppendTo,
                               FieldPosition pos)
    {
        pos.beginIndex = pos.endIndex = 0;
        return format(date, toAppendTo, pos.getFieldDelegate());
    }

    // Called from Format after creating a FieldDelegate
    private StringBuffer format(Date date, StringBuffer toAppendTo,
                                FieldDelegate delegate) {
        // Convert input date to time field list
        calendar.setTime(date);

        boolean useDateFormatSymbols = useDateFormatSymbols();

        for (int i = 0; i < compiledPattern.length; ) {
            int tag = compiledPattern[i] >>> 8;
            int count = compiledPattern[i++] & 0xff;
            if (count == 255) {
                count = compiledPattern[i++] << 16;
                count |= compiledPattern[i++];
            }

            switch (tag) {
            case TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR:
                toAppendTo.append((char)count);
                break;

            case TAG_QUOTE_CHARS:
                toAppendTo.append(compiledPattern, i, count);
                i += count;
                break;

            default:
                subFormat(tag, count, delegate, toAppendTo, useDateFormatSymbols);
                break;
            }
        }
        return toAppendTo;
    }

可以看到，多个线程之间共享变量calendar，并修改calendar。
因此在多线程环境下，当多个线程同时使用相同的SimpleDateFormat对象（如static修饰）的话，
如调用format方法时，多个线程会同时调用calender.setTime方法，导致time被别的线程修改，因此线程是不安全的。

此外，parse方法也是线程不安全的，parse方法实际调用的是CalenderBuilder的establish来进行解析，
其方法中主要步骤不是原子操作。

多线程场景

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
 
public class Main{
	/**时间格式化*/
    private  static final ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> simpleDateFormatThreadLocal= ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Date date = new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = simpleDateFormatThreadLocal.get();
        System.out.println(sdf.format(date));
    }
}

使用DateTimeFormatter代替SimpleDateFormat

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.Locale;

public class DateFormatTest {
    private static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy", Locale.US);
    private static String date[] = { "01-01-1999", "09-01-2000", "08-01-2001" , "07-01-2002" , "06-01-2003" , "05-01-2004" , "04-01-2005" , "03-01-2006" , "02-01-2007" };
    
    private static DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd-MM-yyyy");
    

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < date.length; i++) {
            final int temp = i;
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        while (true) {
                            String str1 = date[temp];
                            
                            //线程安全
                            LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse(str1, formatter);
                            String str2 =  formatter.format(date);
                            
                            //线程不安全
//                            String str2 = sdf.format(sdf.parse(str1));
                            
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", " + str1 + "," + str2);
                            if(!str1.equals(str2)){
                                throw new RuntimeException(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                        + ", Expected " + str1 + " but got " + str2);
                            }
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException("parse failed", e);
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}