ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

    今天晚上新装一台Oracle 11g的数据库，打算将SGA设大一点，知道 11g 中有一个新特新 MEMORY_TARGET，于是尝一下鲜，谁知报了个 ORA-00845，报错比较容易迷惑人，不借助Google真得想半天：

SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=3G scope=spfile ;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set memory_target=2G scope=spfile ; 

System altered.
 
SQL> 
SQL> shutdown immediate 
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup ; 
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

查看parameter 参数

SQL> show parameter target;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------
archive_lag_target                   integer     0
db_flashback_retention_target        integer     1440
fast_start_io_target                 integer     0
fast_start_mttr_target               integer     0
memory_max_target                    big integer 6464M
memory_target                        big integer 6464M
parallel_servers_target              integer     32
pga_aggregate_target                 big integer 0
sga_target                           big integer 0

来自Oracle的官方解析是：
Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm)and file descriptors. The size of the shared memory should be at least the greater of MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each Oracle instance on the computer. If MEMORY_MAX_TARGET or MEMORY_TARGET is set to a non zero value, and an incorrect size is assigned to the shared memory, it will result in an ORA-00845 error at startup.


      简单来说就是 MEMORY_MAX_TARGET 的设置不能超过 /dev/shm 的大小：

[oracle@FWDB FWDB]$ df -h | grep shm
tmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

还真是撞到这个枪口上了：
      马上把它加大：

[root@FWDB ~]# cat /etc/fstab | grep tmpfs
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults,size=4G 0 0

现在可以通过重启使这个配置生效，也可以通过重新挂载来修改其大小：

[root@FWDB ~]# mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm
[root@FWDB ~]# df -h | grep shm
tmpfs                 4.0G     0  4.0G   0% /dev/shm

  再次启动数据库，没有报错了。

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注意：可以使用 show parameter memory_target; 来查看ORACLE设置的参数大小，但前提是必须启动数据库。由于提示这个错误时是无法启动数据库的，所以这条命令也就无法使用了。