sql server 2005 T-Sql 增强

• try catch

USE demo
GO
--creating worktables

CREATE TABLE student
( 
 stuid int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        stuname varchar(50)
)
CREATE TABLE score
(
 stuid int NOT NULL REFERENCES student(stuid),
        score int
)
GO

INSERT INTO student VALUES (101,'zhangsan')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (102,'wangwu')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (103,'lishi')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (104,'maliu')

--Invoking a run-time error
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRAN
 INSERT INTO score  VALUES (101,90)
        INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
 INSERT INTO score VALUES (107, 76) /* Foreign Key Error */
 INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
        INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
COMMIT TRAN
go
select * from student
select * from score

--Using the try..catch.. construct and invoking a run-time error
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRY
   BEGIN TRAN
 INSERT INTO score  VALUES (101,90)
        INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
 INSERT INTO score VALUES (107, 76) /* Foreign Key Error */
 INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
        INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
   COMMIT TRAN
 PRINT 'Transaction committed'
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
 ROLLBACK
 PRINT 'Transaction rolled back'
        SELECT ERROR_NUMBER() AS ErrorNumber,
        ERROR_SEVERITY() AS ErrorSeverity,
        ERROR_STATE() as ErrorState,
        ERROR_MESSAGE() as ErrorMessage;
END CATCH
GO

SELECT * FROM score
GO

 

•  apply

use demo
go
CREATE TABLE Arrays
(
  aid INT NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
  array VARCHAR(7999) NOT NULL
)
go
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('')
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('10')
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('20,40,30')
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('-1,-3,-5')
GO
CREATE FUNCTION  function1(@arr AS VARCHAR(7999))
  RETURNS @t TABLE(pos INT NOT NULL, value INT NOT NULL)
AS
BEGIN
  DECLARE @end AS INT, @start AS INT, @pos AS INT
  SELECT @arr = @arr + ',', @pos = 1,
    @start = 1, @end = CHARINDEX(',', @arr, @start)
  WHILE @end > 1
  BEGIN
    INSERT INTO @t VALUES(@pos, SUBSTRING(@arr, @start, @end - @start))

    SELECT @pos = @pos + 1,
      @start = @end + 1, @end = CHARINDEX(',', @arr, @start)
  END
  RETURN
END
--test
select * from function1('200,400,300')
go

SELECT A.aid, F.*
FROM Arrays AS A
  CROSS APPLY function1(array) AS F
go
SELECT A.aid, F.*
FROM Arrays AS A
  OUTER APPLY function1(array) AS F
GO

 

• CTE

USE AdventureWorks
GO
WITH SalesCTE(ProductID, SalesOrderID)
AS
(
 SELECT ProductID, COUNT(SalesOrderID)
 FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail
 GROUP BY ProductID
)
SELECT * FROM SalesCTE
------ Using CTEs Recursively
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE CarParts
(
 CarID int NOT NULL,
 Part varchar(15),
 SubPart varchar(15),
 Qty int
)
GO
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Door', 4)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Trunk Lid', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Car Hood', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Handle', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Lock', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Window', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Rivets', 1000)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Rivets', 100)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Mirror', 1)
go
select * from CarParts
go

WITH CarPartsCTE(SubPart, Qty)
AS
(
 -- Anchor Member (AM):
 -- SELECT query that doesn’t refer back to CarPartsCTE
 SELECT SubPart, Qty
 FROM CarParts
 WHERE Part = 'Body'
 UNION ALL
 -- Recursive Member (RM):
 -- SELECT query that refers back to CarPartsCTE
 SELECT CarParts.SubPart, CarPartsCTE.Qty * CarParts.Qty
 FROM CarPartsCTE
 INNER JOIN CarParts ON CarPartsCTE.SubPart = CarParts.Part
 WHERE CarParts.CarID = 1
)
--outer query
SELECT SubPart, SUM(Qty) AS TotalNUM
FROM CarPartsCTE
GROUP BY SubPart

• TRIGGER

use demo
go
CREATE TRIGGER prevent_drop_table ON DATABASE FOR DROP_TABLE
AS
RAISERROR('Not allowed to drop tables.', 10, 1)
PRINT 'DROP TABLE attempt in database ' + DB_NAME() + '.'
PRINT CONVERT (nvarchar (1000),EventData())
ROLLBACK
GO
-- test
CREATE TABLE TestDROP(col1 INT)
go
INSERT INTO TestDROP VALUES(1)

drop talbe testdrop

-- Server
CREATE TRIGGER audit_ddl_logins ON ALL SERVER
  FOR CREATE_LOGIN, ALTER_LOGIN, DROP_LOGIN
AS
PRINT 'DDL LOGIN took place.'
PRINT CONVERT (nvarchar (1000),EventData())
GO

-- test
CREATE LOGIN login1 WITH PASSWORD = '123'
ALTER LOGIN login1 WITH PASSWORD = 'xyz'
DROP LOGIN login1

 

• OUTPUT

--create table and insert data
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE tt
(id INT IDENTITY, c1 VARCHAR(15))
go
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r1')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r2')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r5')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r6')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r7')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r8')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r9')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r10')

--make a table variable to hold the results of the OUTPUT clause
DECLARE @del AS TABLE (deletedId INT, deletedValue VARCHAR(15))
DELETE tt
OUTPUT DELETED.id, DELETED.c1 INTO @del
WHERE id < 3
SELECT * FROM @del
GO

• Rank func

ROW_NUMBER是结果集的顺序, 而不是数据库中纪录存放的原始顺序
use demo
go
create table rankorder
(orderid int,
 qty int
)
go
insert rankorder values(30001,10)
insert rankorder values(10001,10)
insert rankorder values(10006,10)
insert rankorder values(40005,10)
insert rankorder values(30003,15)
insert rankorder values(30004,20)
insert rankorder values(20002,20)
insert rankorder values(20001,20)
insert rankorder values(10005,30)
insert rankorder values(30007,30)
insert rankorder values(40001,40)
go
SELECT orderid,qty,
  ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY qty) AS rownumber,
  RANK()       OVER(ORDER BY qty) AS rank,
  DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY qty) AS denserank
FROM rankorder
ORDER BY qty

 

• snapshot isolation

create database demo2
go
use demo2
alter database demo2 set allow_snapshot_isolation on
create table test
( tid int not null primary key,
  tname varchar(50) not null
)
insert into test values(1,'version1')
insert into test values(2,'version2')

--connection 1

use demo2
begin tran
 update test set tname='version3' where tid=2
 select * from test

--connection 2
use demo2
set transaction isolation level snapshot
select * from test

--it will ok, you can see it

 

• TOP

--create a table and insert some data
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE toptest (column1 VARCHAR(150))
go
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t1')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t2')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t3')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t4')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t5')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t6')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t7')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t8')
select * from toptest
go

CREATE TABLE toptest2 (column2 VARCHAR(150))
go
INSERT INTO toptest2 VALUES('c1')
INSERT INTO toptest2 VALUES('c2')

--declare 3 variables
DECLARE @a INT
DECLARE @b INT
DECLARE @c INT
--set values
SET @a = 10
SET @b = 5
SELECT @c = @a/@b
--use the calculated expression
SELECT TOP(@c) * FROM toptest
--use a SELECT statement as expression
SELECT TOP(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM toptest2) *
FROM toptest

--DML top
DELETE TOP(2) toptest where column1>'t6'
--this sets 't1' and 't2' to 'hi'
UPDATE TOP(2) toptest SET column1 = 'hi' where column1<='t2'

SELECT * FROM toptest

 

• VARCHAR(MAX) 

use demo
go
CREATE TABLE test
(
  tid INT  NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  tname  VARCHAR(MAX)   NULL
)

INSERT INTO test(tid,tname) VALUES(102, 'Customer 102 text data')

select * from test

UPDATE test SET tname.WRITE('one hundred and two', 9, 3) WHERE tid = 102

select * from test

 

• pivot

use demo
go

create table orders
(Customer varchar(10) not null,
 product varchar(20) not null,
 quantity int not null)
go
insert orders values('Mike', 'Bike',3)
insert orders values('Mike','Chain',2)
insert orders values('Mike','Bike',5)
insert orders values('Lisa','Bike',3)
insert orders values('Lisa','Chain',3)
insert orders values('Lisa','Chain',4)
insert orders values('Lisa','Bike',2)

select * from orders

select * from orders
pivot (sum(quantity) for product in ([Bike],[Chain])) as a
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE SALES1
(
[Year] INT,
Quarter CHAR(2),
Amount FLOAT
)
GO
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q1', 80)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q2', 70)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q3', 55)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q3', 110)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q4', 90)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q1', 200)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q2', 150)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q2', 40)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q2', 60)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q3', 120)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q3', 110)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q4', 180)
GO

SELECT * FROM SALES1
PIVOT
(SUM (Amount) --Aggregate the Amount column using SUM
FOR [Quarter] --Pivot the Quarter column into column headings
IN (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)) --use these quarters
AS P
GO

select * into temp1 from orders
pivot (sum(quantity) for product in ([Bike],[Chain])) as a

select * from temp1

select customer, product,quantity
froam temp1
unpivot(quantity for product in ([Bike],[Chain])) as a