working with IE

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-24 23:05:54 发布

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Concept: QTP can control an IE window using test object, butalso use IE COM interface. In this chapter we will work on how to work with theIE COM APIs, automation of web pages using HTML DOM and change configuration ofIE through the system registry.

26.1 Launching IE

'Method 1: USE QTP

SystemUtil.Run "iexplore.exe"

'Method 2 : Use Shell

Set oShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

oShell.Run "iexplore.exe"

'Method 3: USE IE COM

Set oIEApp = CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")

oIEApp.Visible = True

oIEApp.Navigate2 "www.baidu.com"

When we use the third method to launch IE,we use the IE window's handle to reference the browser as a QTP test object using thefollowing code

iehwnd=oIEApp.hwnd

Browser("hwnd:="&iehwnd).close

IE COM Method

The IE Application COM interface provide many useful method and properties，we just list a few of the more common ones in the tables below：

IE COM method

Method Name	Description
Navigate2	navigate a specified URL
Stop	aborts the navigation
Refresh	Refreshes the present URL
Quit	Close the browser
GoBack	Navigates one page back
GoHome	Navigate to home page
GoForward	Navigate one page forward
GoSearch	Open the search page

IE COM Propertied

Properties Name	type	Description
Left	Long	Left position of the window
Top	Long	Top position of the window
Width	Long	Width of the window
Height	Long	Height of window
AddressBar	Boolean	Controls whether address bar is shown
FullScreen	Boolean	Maximize window and turn off statusbar,toolbar,menubar,and titlebar
LocationName	String	Get a short(UI-friendly) name of the URL/File currently viewed
LocationURL	string	Get the full URL/path currently viewed
Path	string	Return the path to the application
Resizeable	Boolean	Control whether the window is resizable
silent	Boolean	Contol whether any dialog boxes can be shown
Type	string	Retrun the type of contained document object
Visible	Boolean	Determine whether the application is visible or hidden
Busy	Boolean	Query to see if something is still in progress
ReadyState	Long	Have any one of the following value: READYSTATE_UNINITIALIZED; READYSTATE_LOADING; READYSTATE_LOADED; READYSTATE_INTERACTIVE; READYSTATE_COMPLETE.

Page synchronization

We can use busy property to determine whether IE is busy loading,the following example

Explains how we can wait for a page to load(note:this method can not work properly when the page has frame)

Set oIEApp = CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")

oIEApp.Visible = True

oIEApp.Navigate2 "www.baidu.com"

a=2

Loop while oIEApp.busy=true

msgbox "Page Loaded"

Enumerating all IE windows

'Function to enumerate all open IE windows

Function EnumerateIE()

'This is needed in case an IE window is closed

'while this function is executing

On Error Resume Next

'Create a dictionary for returning the collection of open IE windows

Set EnumerateIE = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")

'Get the windows shell application

Set oWinShell = CreateObject("Shell.Application")

'Get a collection all open explore windows,

'Microsoft Explorer + Internet Explorer

Set allWindows = oWinShell.Windows

'Loop through each window

For Each oWindow In allWindows

'Check if it is internet explorer process then only add it

If InStr(1, oWindow.FullName, "iexplore.exe",vbTextCompare) Then

EnumerateIE.Add oWindow.hwnd, oWindow

End if

End Function

'usage

set all=EnumerateIE()

For each oIE in all.items

oIE.quit

The code above can work in a pure vbscript without QTP,but in QTP we can also close IE with a single line of statement :

systemUtil.CloseProcessByName(“iexplore.exe”)

Finding an IE window

use the enumeration method above to search for an IE window,and we can search the IE window using its window's handle

Function GetIECOMByHwnd(byval ieHwnd)

Set GetIECOMByHwnd=nothing

set all=EnumerateIE()

For each oIE in all.items

If oIE.hwnd=ieHwnd Then

'发现相关的IE窗口，返回他的COM接口对象

set GetIECOMByHwnd=oIE

End If

End Function

similarly we can search the IE window using its URL(if multiple browers have been opened with the same URL,it may return any one of the browser)

Function GetIECOMByURL(ByVal ieURL)

'Return Nothing in case no windows are found

Set GetIECOMByURL = Nothing

Set allIE = EnumerateIE()

For Each oIE In allIE.Items

If InStr(oIE.LocationURL, ieURL) Then

'We found the associated IE window. Return its COM interface object

Set GetIECOMByURL = oIE

Exit Function

End If

End Function

Launching a new browser

If multiple IE windows were opened,how can we determine which one is launched by QTP,we can open the browser with a random number and then search the IE window(COM interface) using GetIECOMByURL function just created

'Generate a random string of digits of specified length

Function GetRandomNumberByLen(ByVal Length)

GetRandomNumberByLen = ""

'Generate the random number digit by digit

For i = 1 To Length

'Seed the radom generator with current timer

Randomize Timer()

'Generate and append the random number

iRnd = CInt((9)*Rnd())

iRnd = CStr(iRnd)

GetRandomNumberByLen = GetRandomNumberByLen & iRnd

End Function

'Function to get a new browser

Function GetNewBrowser()

Set GetNewBrowser = Nothing

'This is to store the random browser id generated

'which can be later used to recognize the browser

'which was launched

browserID = GetRandomNumberByLen(10)

SystemUtil.Run "iexplore.exe", "about:" & browserID

'Wait for few seconds to make sure the process launches

Wait 3

Set GetNewBrowser = GetIECOMByURL(browserID)

End Function

'Get a new browser

Set oBrowser = GetNewBrowser()

'Naviagte to a URL in the opened browser

oBrowser.Navigate2 "http://www.baidu.com"

Getting the Web page DOM

IE COM interface expose the document object,the following technique can be run in pure VBScript without QTP

'Create an IE application

Set oIE = CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")

'Make the application visible

oIE.Visible = True

'Navigate to a web site

oIE.Navigate2 "www.baidu.com"

While oIE.Busy: Wend

'Get DOM document object

Set oDOMDoc = oIE.Document

'Get all INPUT tag elements

Set allInput = oDOMDoc.getElementsByTagName("INPUT")

'Loop through all INPUT elements and

'set the value for all text boxes on the page

For Each oInput In allInput

If oInput.type = "text" Then

oInput.Value = "Set by IE COM/DOM access"

End If

The detail about DOM,refer to the Chapter:html DOM

Accessing webpage script variable

Consider the below html source code

<html>

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">var PageName2 = {};

PageName2["val1"] = "Tarun1";

PageName2["val2"] = "Tarun2";

</SCRIPT>

<body>

Const PageName = "Tarun Lalwani"

Dim arr(1)

Arr(0) = "Array 1"

Arr(1) = "Array 2"

Public Sub Func1(a, b)

Msgbox a + b

End Sub

</SCRIPT>

</body>

</html>

'Get the Page test object

Set oPG = Browser("creationtime:=0").Page("micclass:=Page")

'Displays "Tarun Lalwani "

Msgbox oPG.object.parentWindow.PageName

'Displays "Array 1"

Msgbox oPG.object.parentWindow.arr(0)

'Displays "Tarun1"

Msgbox oPG.object.parentWindow.PageName2.Val1

'Displays a message box with value 5 in the browser

Call oPG.object.parentWindow.Func1(2,3)

Using IE to get user input

'C:\Files.html

Dim userAction

</SCRIPT>

<P>UserName:

<P>Password:

<P>Environment:

</SELECT>

<P>

'Start a new browser

SystemUtil.Run "iexplore.exe", "C:\files.html"

Set oBrw = Browser("micclass:=Browser")

Set oPg = oBrw.Page("micclass:=Page")

oBrw.Sync

'Resize the browser

oBrw.Object.Left = 350

oBrw.Object.Top = 300

oBrw.Object.Height = 200

oBrw.Object.Width = 300

'Disable all other browser features

oBrw.Object.AddressBar = False

oBrw.Object.Resizable = False

oBrw.Object.StatusBar = False

oBrw.Object.ToolBar = False

'Activate the browser window

Window("hwnd:=" & oBrw.GetROProperty("hwnd")).Activate

'Set the user action to blank

oBrw.object.Document.parentWindow.userAction = ""

'When user click submit or cancel button this userAction

'variable will be populated with a value

While oBrw.object.Document.parentWindow.userAction = ""

Wait 1

wend

If oBrw.object.Document.parentWindow.userAction = "Cancelled" Then

'Check if user clicked cancelled

Msgbox "User clicked cancelled"

Else

'User clicked Submit. Get the values

Msgbox oPg.WebEdit("name:=username").GetROProperty("value")

Msgbox oPg.WebEdit("name:=password").GetROProperty("value")

Msgbox oPg.WebList("name:=env").GetROProperty("value")

End If

IE Popup Dialogs

有时候因为环境不同，有的应用程序在一台机子上可能弹出安全提示等，在另一台机子上却不会。有两种方法可以阻止这些弹出框，一种是针对各种弹出框写相应的代码，采取必要的措施忽略他们，另一种方法是修改IE的设置

We can use the silent property to disable the display of IE dialog box

Browser(“..”).Object.Silent = True

But this solution is seldom the appropriate one because the default button of the dialog is no，then it will take a acton as ‘no was clicked’,so the following solution will be a good choice

Changing IE Settings

Window’s Shell object provide the regWrite,regDelete,regRead to access and modify the window’s registry

思路:这中办法在项目中经常应用，可以改变windows注册信息。不过要小心点使用，而且建议改完后再恢复原值。

'Create a Window's shell object

Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

'Write to the registry

WshShell.RegWrite "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\TestThis", "TESTValue", "REG_SZ"

'Read from the Registry

Msgbox WshShell.RegRead("HKCU\Software\Microsoft\TestThis")

'Delete a registry key

Msgbox WshShell.RegDelete("HKCU\Software\Microsoft\TestThis")

Popup Blocker

Dialog infor: Pop-up blocked. To see this popup or additionalaptions click here…….

1st method:

Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

popupKeyPath = "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\New Windows\PopupMgr"

'Disable IE popup blocked

WshShell.RegWrite popupKeyPath,"no", "REG_SZ"

'Able IE popup blocked

WshShell.RegWrite popupKeyPath, "yes", "REG_SZ"

2nd method: Add this website to the “popup allowed” list by following code:

sDomain= "http://www.crsky.com/soft/5271.html"

popupAllowKey = "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\New Windows\Allow\"

WshShell.RegWrite popupAllowKey & sDomain, 0 , "REG_BINARY"

Disable Sript Error dialog

Note: QTP error dialogs, e.g. runtime error dialogs:

‘Disable all script debug dialogs

WshShell.RegWrite “HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main\Disable Script Debugger”, “yes”, “REG_SZ”

WshShell.RegWrite “HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main\Disable Script DebuggerIE”, “yes”, “REG_SZ”

WshShell.RegWrite “HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main\Error Dlg Displayed On Every Error”, “no”, “REG_SZ”

Security Alert –Redirection popup

Note: Infor: You are redirected to a connection that is not secure …….

‘Disable the dialogs

WshShell.RegWrite “HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet_

Setting\WarnOnPosRedirect”, “no”, “REG_SZ”

Security Alert –Certificate warning

Note: Infor: Informationyou exchange with this site cannot be viewed or changed by others. However …….

‘Disable the dialogs

WshShell.RegWrite “HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet_

Setting\”, “no”, “REG_SZ”

Security Alert –Secure Connection

Note: Infor: You are about to view pages over a secure connection……..

‘Disable the dialogs

WshShell.RegWrite “HKCU HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet_Setting\WarnOnPost”, “no”, “REG_SZ”

Security Information –Secure and non-secure item

Note1: Infor: This page contains both secure and nonsecure items…….

Note2: Security information settings are stored in a zone. Thereare five different zones in IE setting:

-- My Computer

-- Local Intranet Zone

-- Trusted sites Zone

-- Internet Zone

-- Restricted Sites Zone

Each setting belonging to a above zone has its correspondingcode. Pls find codes in MS KB article 182569 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/182569)

'Various zone codes

'Value Setting

'------------------------------

'0 My Computer

'1 Local Intranet Zone

'2 Trusted sites Zone

'3 Internet Zone

'4 Restricted Sites Zone

'0 - enabled, 1 - prompt, 3 - disabled

newValue = 0

'Disable the Security information secure non-secure popup in all the Zones

SettingCode = "1609"

'Change the setting for all 5 zones

For i = 0 To 4

ChangeIEZoneSetting CStr(i), SettingCode, newValue

'Function to change specified setting in a specified zone

Function ChangeIEZoneSetting(ByVal ZoneCode, ByVal SettingCode, ByVal newValue)

Dim WshShell

Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

keyPath = "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Zones"

WshShell.RegWrite keyPath & "\" & ZoneCode & "\" & SettingCode, newValue, "REG_DWORD"

End Function

Active content/ Java Script prompt

Note: Infor: To help protect your security, Internet Explorer has restricted this file……

'Various zone codes

'Value Setting

'------------------------------

'0 My Computer

'1 Local Intranet Zone

'2 Trusted sites Zone

'3 Internet Zone

'4 Restricted Sites Zone

'0 - enabled, 1 - prompt, 3 - disabled

newValue = 0

'Disable all the Zones

SettingCode = "1400"

'Change the setting for all 5 zones

For i = 0 To 4

ChangeIEZoneSetting CStr(i), SettingCode, newValue

File Download -- Information Bar

Note: Infor: To help protect your security, Internet Explorer has blocked this site from downloading files ……

'Various zone codes

'Value Setting

'------------------------------

'0 My Computer

'1 Local Intranet Zone

'2 Trusted sites Zone

'3 Internet Zone

'4 Restricted Sites Zone

'0 - enabled, 1 - prompt, 3 - disabled

newValue = 0

'Disable all the Zones

SettingCode = "2200"

'Change the setting for all 5 zones

For i = 0 To 4

ChangeIEZoneSetting CStr(i), SettingCode, newValue

Handing popup dialog by using a code:

'Public Function CleanBrowserPopups(oBrw)

'Get the popup dialog

Set oPopDlg = oBrw.Dialog("ispopupwindow:=True")

CleanBrowserPopups = False

If oPopDlg .Exist(0) Then

'There is a popup dialog

'Get its title

sPopTitle = oPopDlg.GetROProperty("title")

Select Case LCase(sPopTitle)

Case "security information", "security alert", "security warning" "error"

'Either a OK button would be there or a yes button

'Use a regular expression to cater both in a single statement

oPopDlg.WinButton("text:=(&Yes|OK)").Click

CleanBrowserPopups = True

Reporter.ReportEvent micPass, sPopTitle, "Closed IE dialog popup"

Case "enter network password"

'CODE to handle enter network password widows

'this is application to Windows 2000 OS

Case Else

If Left(LCase(sPopTitle),10) = "connect to" Then

'CODE to handle enter network password windows

'this is application to Windows XP OS

Else

MsgBox "Unknown dialog box - " & sPopTitle

End If

End Select

End If

End Function

'We can register this as user defined user method

RegisterUserFunc "Browser", "CleanBrowserPopups", "CleanBrowserPopups"

If Browser("creationtime:=0").CleanBrowserPopups = True Then

MsgBox "Cleaned all dialogs in the browser"

End if

It would make it more convenient to intergrate the above function with the Browser and Page

Sync method,we can do that by using the code given below

'New sync methods which will clear browser popups

'as well

Public Function NewSync(oObject)

If oObject.GetTOProperty("micclass") = "Page" Then

Set oBrw = oObject.GetTOProperty("parent")

Else

Set oBrw = oObject

End If

'Sync

oObject.Sync

'Clean browser popups

Call CleanBrowserPopups(oBrw)

'Re sync

oObject.Sync

End Function

'Register them as user defined methods

RegisterUserFunc "Browser", "Sync", "NewSync"

RegisterUserFunc "Page", "Sync", "NewSync"

File Dowloading –Security Warning popup

思考：就是通过DP拿到对象。

There are 3 dialogs occur:

--File Download – SecurityWarning

--Save As

--File Download

'Function to download a file from IE

Public Function IEDownloadFile(ByVal oDlg, ByVal sFileName, ByVal bWaitComplete)

sPopup = "ispopupwindow:=true"

sBtn = "nativeclass:=button"

'We will use window handle because the title will change later

'From "File Download" to "Download Complete", but handle will remain

'the same

hWnd = oDlg.GetROProperty("hwnd")

With Dialog("hwnd:=" & hwnd)

'Get the value of the close on download complete checkbox

sCloseAfterDownload=.WinCheckBox(sBtn,"text:=&Close.*").GetROProperty("checked")

'Check if the security wanring dialog is present

If .Dialog(sPopup).Exist(0) Then

'Two click events needed sometimes as the first one does not do anything

.Dialog(sPopup).WinButton("text:=&Save",sBtn).Click

'Make the second click option in case the first one works

'And to use OptionalStep we need to use the Complete statement

OptionalStep.Dialog("hwnd:=" & hwnd).Dialog(sPopup).WinButton("text:=&Save",sBtn).Click

End if

'Enter the complete file name in the save windo

hwnd=.Dialog(sPopup).GetROProperty("hwnd")

.Dialog(sPopup).Activate

.Dialog(sPopup).WinEdit("nativeclass:=Edit","attached text:=File &name\:").Set ""

.Dialog(sPopup).WinEdit("nativeclass:=Edit","attached text:=File &name\:").Type sFileName

.Dialog(sPopup).WinButton(sBtn,"text:=&Save").Click

'Check if the file already exist dialog has appeared

'We get the Save As dialog handle and then check for the

'File allready exist. Going by the normal way we would have used

'Dialog("hwnd:=" & hwnd).Dialog(sPopup).Dialog(sPopup).Exist(0)

'Which is expected to work but it does not. So to reduce one level

'of hierarchy we take the hWnd and use it

If Dialog("hwnd:=" & hwnd).Dialog(sPopup).Exist(0) Then

Dialog("hwnd:=" & hwnd).Dialog(sPopup).WinButton(sBtn,"text:=&Yes").Click

End If

If bWaitComplete Then

'Once download is complete either the window is closed if the checkbox

'was checked or the Open Folder on the window will change get enabled

While .Exist(0) and Not .WinButton("text:=Open &Folder").GetROProperty("enabled")

Wait 1

Wend

'If the checkbox OFF then we need to close the dialog

If sCloseAfterDownload = "OFF" then .Close

End if

End with

End Function

'------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

'Get the dialog window

Set oDlg = Dialog("text:=File Download","Index:=0")

'Download the file synchronously

IEDownloadFile oDlg , "C:\Test.exe", True

Msgbox "Download Complete"

'Download the file asynchronously

IEDownloadFile oDlg , "C:\Test.exe", False

MsgBox "The download has started"

Checking for Broken images on a web page

Note: Broken image has following property values:

--fileSize = -1

--readyState = “uninitialized”

思路：利用htmlDom 得到image的属性值，和上面的value相比。

'Function to Check for broken images on a page

Public Function CheckBrokenImages(oPage)

pgTitle = oPage.GetROProperty("title")

Set allImages = oPage.object.Images

iCount = allImages.Length - 1

For i = 0 To iCount

Set curIMG = allImages.item(i)

sHTML = "HTML = " & curIMG.outerHTML

If curIMG.fileSize = -1 Then

'The image did not load

Reporter.ReportEvent micFail, pgTitle & "Broken Image", sHTML

Else

Reporter.ReportEvent micPass, pgTitle & "Valid Image", sHTML

End if

End Function

'Usage

CheckBrokenImages Browser("micclass:=Browser","index:=0").Page("micclass:=Page")

Using a Browser Object as a Window Object

Note: 有时候你要用Window的自带方法，就把Browser转换为Window。

‘Use windows handle property (hwnd)

hwnd = Brwser(“”).GetROProperty(“hwnd”)

Set oBrowserWindow = Window(“hwnd:= &hwnd”)

‘now you can use any window method

'Window methods being used with the Browser

Public Function BrowserType(oBrw, Text)

Dim hwnd