Python类的__slots__方法

如何给类动态添加属性：实例化后可以直接增加其他属性

class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name, gender, score):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.score = score
student = Student('imaitian', 'male', 100)
# 动态增加一个属性
student.age = 18
print(student.age)
print(getattr(student, 'age'))

属性添加成功，结果：18

如何禁止添加动态属性： 使用__slots__ = 限制添加属性

class Student(object):
    __slots__ = ('name', 'gender', 'score')
    def __init__(self, name, gender, score):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.score = score
student = Student('imaitian', 'male', 100)
# 动态增加一个属性
student.age = 18
print(student.age)
print(getattr(student, 'age'))

属性添加失败，结果为：

AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute 'age'

如何在继承类里添加属性：在 __slots__ = 里增加想要添加的属性

class Person(object):
    __slots__ = ('name', 'gender')
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        
class Student(Person):
    __slots__ = ('score',)
    def __init__(self, name, gender, score):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.score = score
        
s = Student('imatian', 'male',100)
print(s.score)

或者：

class Person(object):
    __slots__ = ('name', 'gender')
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        
class Student(Person):
    __slots__ = ('score',)
    def __init__(self, name, gender, score):
        super(Student, self).__init__(name, gender)
        self.score = score
        
s = Student('imatian', 'male',100)
print(s.score)