一、什么是SpringBoot自动配置
SpringBoot自动配置是指Spring Boot能够根据项目中添加的依赖、配置文件和类路径下的类自动配置Spring应用程序,极大地简化开发者的配置工作,提高开发效率。SpringBoot的自动配置是通过@EnableAutoConfiguration
注解实现的,它会自动根据你添加的jar依赖来配置你的Spring应用。
二、SpringBoot是如何实现自动配置的
在了解自动配置原理之前,我们需要先了解几个重要的核心注解:
1.Condition注解
public class ClassCondition implements Condition {
@Override
public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
boolean flag = true;
try {
Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("redis.clients.jedis.Jedis");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
flag = false;
}
return flag;
}
}
编写UserConfig配置类,@Conditional中的ClassCondition.class的matches方法,返回true加载bean,返回false不加载
@Configuration
public class UserConfig {
//@Conditional中的ClassCondition.class的matches方法,返回true执行以下代码
@Bean
@Conditional(value = ClassCondition.class)
public User user(){
return new User();
}
}
测试:
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootCondition01Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootCondition01Application.class, args);
Object user = run.getBean("user");
System.out.println(user);
}
}
2.Enable注解
@SpringBootApplication
@Import(User.class)
public class Enable01Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(EnableApplication.class, args);
User user = context.getBean(User.class);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
@Configuration
public class UserConfig {
@Bean
public User user(){
return new User();
}
}
③ 导入 ImportSelector 实现类。一般用于加载配置文件中的类
public class MyImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
//目前字符串数组的内容是写死的,未来可以设置在配置文件中动态加载
return new String[]{"com.ape.springboot_unable_04.domain.User","com.ape.springboot_unable_04.domain.User"};
}
}
public class MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
//1.获取user的definition对象
AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(User.class).getBeanDefinition();
//2.通过beanDefinition属性信息,向spring容器中注册id为user的对象
registry.registerBeanDefinition("user", beanDefinition);
}
}
3.@EnableAutoConfifiguration 注解
//@SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类
//说明这是一个Spring Boot应用
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//以为是启动了一个方法,没想到启动了一个服务
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootApplication.class, args);
}
}
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
excludeFilters = {@Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
// ......
}
@AutoConfifigurationPackage :自动配置包;
//AutoConfigurationPackage的子注解
//Registrar.class 作用:将主启动类的所在包及包下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器
@Import({Registrar.class})
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
}
@EnableAutoConfifiguration:开启自动配置功能;
@Import({AutoConfifigurationImportSelector.class}) :给容器导入组件 ;
@EnableAutoConfiguration开启自动配置功能
以前我们需要自己配置的东西,而现在SpringBoot可以自动帮我们配置 ;
@EnableAutoConfiguration
告诉 SpringBoot 开启自动配置功能,这样自动配置才能生效;
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}) :给容器导入组件 ;
AutoConfigurationImportSelector :自动配置导入选择器,给容器中导入一些组件;
总结原理:@EnableAutoConfifiguration 注解内部使用 @Import(AutoConfifigurationImportSelector. class ) 来加载配置类。配置文件位置: META-INF/spring.factories ,该配置文件中定义了大量的配置类,当 SpringBoot应用启动时,会自动加载这些配置类,初始化Bean。并不是所有的 Bean 都会被初始化,在配置类中使用 Condition 来加载满足条件的 Bean
4.自定义启动器
package com.apesource;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.redis")
public class RedisProperties {
private String host = "localhost";
private int port = 6379;
public String getHost() {
return host;
}
public void setHost(String host) {
this.host = host;
}
public int getPort() {
return port;
}
public void setPort(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
}
创建配置类RedisAutoConfiguration:
package com.apesource;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class)
public class RedisAutoConfiguration {
//注入Jedis
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(Jedis.class)
public Jedis jedis(RedisProperties redisProperties) {
return new Jedis(redisProperties.getHost(), redisProperties.getPort());
}
}
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.apesource.RedisAutoconfiguration
<dependency>
<groupId>com.apesource</groupId>
<artifactId>redis-springboot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootStarter04Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootStarter04Application.class, args);
System.out.println(context.getBean(Jedis.class));
}
}