java ee5 tutorial - 数据库的访问

实体bean，可以IDE产生也可以手写：

package  webtest.bookstore.database;

import  java.io.Serializable;
import  javax.persistence.Entity;
import  javax.persistence.Id;
import  javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name  =   " WEB_BOOKSTORE_BOOKS " )
public   class  Book  implements  Serializable  ... {
    private String bookId;
    private String description;
    private String firstName;
    private String surname;
    private String title;
    private boolean onSale;
    private float price;
    private int calendar_year;
    private int inventory;

    public Book() ...{
    }

    public Book(
        String bookId,
        String surname,
        String firstName,
        String title,
        float price,
        boolean onSale,
        int calendar_year,
        String description,
        int inventory) ...{
        this.bookId = bookId;
        this.title = title;
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.surname = surname;
        this.price = price;
        this.onSale = onSale;
        this.calendar_year = calendar_year;
        this.description = description;
        this.inventory = inventory;
    }

    @Id
    public String getBookId() ...{
        return this.bookId;
    }

    public String getTitle() ...{
        return this.title;
    }

    public String getFirstName() ...{
        return this.firstName;
    }

    public String getSurname() ...{
        return this.surname;
    }

    public float getPrice() ...{
        return this.price;
    }

    public boolean getOnSale() ...{
        return this.onSale;
    }

    public int getCalendar_year() ...{
        return this.calendar_year;
    }

    public String getDescription() ...{
        return this.description;
    }

    public int getInventory() ...{
        return this.inventory;
    }

    public void setBookId(String id) ...{
        this.bookId = id;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) ...{
        this.title = title;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) ...{
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public void setSurname(String surname) ...{
        this.surname = surname;
    }

    public void setPrice(float price) ...{
        this.price = price;
    }

    public void setOnSale(boolean onSale) ...{
        this.onSale = onSale;
    }

    public void setCalendar_year(int calendar_year) ...{
        this.calendar_year = calendar_year;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) ...{
        this.description = description;
    }

    public void setInventory(int inventory) ...{
        this.inventory = inventory;
    }
}

数据库的操作，使用facade模式：

package  webtest.bookstore2.database;

import  java.util.Collection;
import  java.util.ArrayList;
import  java.util.List;

import  webtest.bookstore.cart. * ;
import  webtest.bookstore.exception. * ;
import  webtest.bookstore.database. * ;

import  javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import  javax.persistence.EntityManager;

public   class  BookDBAO  ... {
    private ArrayList books;
    private EntityManager em;
    /** *//** Creates a new instance of BookDBAO */
    public BookDBAO(EntityManagerFactory emf)throws Exception ...{
        try...{
            em=emf.createEntityManager();
        }catch(Exception e)...{
            throw new Exception("  Could not connection to database: "+e.getMessage()+" ");
        }
    }
    
    public void remove() ...{
        try ...{
            em.close();
        } catch (Exception ex) ...{
            System.out.println(" "+ex.getMessage()+" ");
        }
    }
    
    public List getBooks()throws BooksNotFoundException...{
        try...{
            return em.createQuery("SELECT bd FROM Book bd ORDER BY bd.bookId").getResultList();
        }catch(Exception e)...{
            throw new BooksNotFoundException("  Could not get all the books: "+ e.getMessage()+" ");
        }
    }
    
    public Book getBook(String id)throws BookNotFoundException...{
        Book book=em.find(Book.class,id);
        if(book==null)...{
            throw new BookNotFoundException("  Could not get the book: "+ id+" ");
        }
        return book;
    }
    
    public void buyBooks(ShoppingCart cart)throws OrderException...{
        try...{
            for(ShoppingCartItem sci:cart.getItems())...{
                Book book=(Book)sci.getItem();
                String id=book.getBookId();
                int quantity=sci.getQuantity();
                this.buyBook(id,quantity);
            }
        }catch(Exception e)...{
            throw new OrderException(" Commit failed: " + e.getMessage()+" ");
        }
    }
    
    public void buyBook(String bookId,int quantity) throws OrderException ...{
        try...{
            Book book=em.find(Book.class,bookId);
            if(book!=null)...{
                int inventory = book.getInventory();
                if ((inventory - quantity) >= 0) ...{
                    int newInventory = inventory - quantity;
                    book.setInventory(newInventory);
                } else ...{
                    throw new OrderException(" Not enough of " + bookId
                            + " in stock to complete order. ");
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception e)...{
            throw new OrderException(" Couldn't purchase book: " + bookId + e.getMessage()+" ");
        }
    }
}

在Context中使用：

import  webtest.bookstore2.database.BookDBAO;

public   class  ContextListener  implements  ServletContextListener  ... {
    @PersistenceUnit
    private EntityManagerFactory emf;
    private ServletContext context = null;
    
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent evt) ...{
        context=evt.getServletContext();
        try ...{
            BookDBAO bookDBAO = new BookDBAO(emf);
            context.setAttribute("bookDBAO", bookDBAO);
        } catch (Exception ex) ...{
            System.out.println("Couldn't create bookstore database bean: "
                    + ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

    
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent evt) ...{
        context = evt.getServletContext();
        BookDBAO bookDBAO = (BookDBAO) context.getAttribute("bookDBAO");
        if (bookDBAO != null) ...{
            bookDBAO.remove();
        }
        context.removeAttribute("bookDBAO");
    }
}