>> Electric Fence (efence) stops your program on the exact instruction that overruns (or underruns) a malloc() memory buffer. GDB will then display the source-code line that causes the bug. It works by using the virtual-memory hardware to create ared-zone at the border of each buffer - touch that, and your program stops. Catch all of those formerly impossible-to-catch overrun bugsthat have been bothering you for years.
efence对于调试动态内存的错误很有效。下面是efence库的安装:
首先,下载源文件 : 点击打开链接
然后,用命令 tar -zxvf electric-fence-2.1.13.tar.gz 解压文件包,进入electric-fence-2.1.13文件夹,编辑Makefile第九行,根据自己系统man目录的位置,修改为MAN_INSTALL_DIR= /usr/share/man/man3
注:
1.Makefile 应该不改也可以
2. 我的系统是openSUSE, 如果在你的系统上可以直接找到/usr/man/man3,那就不用改Makefile了。
最后是普通的安装源代码过程:
make all
sudo make install
make clean
efence库的链接和使用:
常用的格式就是在命令行的最后加上 -lefence -lpthread,比如:
#include <stdio.h> #include <malloc.h> int main(void) { int *a = (int*)malloc(2*sizeof(int)); for (int i=0;i<=2;i++) { a[i] = i; printf("%d\n", a[i]); } free(a); return 0; }
编译: cc -g3 -Wall -o out_of_bound out_of_bound.c -lefence -lpthread运行: ./out_of_bound ,看输出结果就知道efence的威力了。
注:efence库依赖于pthread(多线程)库
参考资料: 软件调试的艺术P188, man-page,stackoverflow